Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population in full sample and separately for each group.
| Full sample | PRE-POST | PRE-PRE | POST-POST | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BL | FU | Changea | BL | FU | Changea | BL | FU | Changea | BL | FU | Changea | |
| Age and blood-based biomarkers [n] | 298 | 298 | 298 | 149 | 149 | 149 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
| Age [year] | 51.3 ± 1.8 | 55.1 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 51.3 ± 1.7 | 55.2 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 50.0 ± 1.4 | 53.8 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 52.1 ± 1.8 | 55.9 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 0.1 |
| Estradiol [nmol/l] | 0.38 ± 0.53 | 0.26 ± 0.28 | −0.12 ± 0.62 | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.20 ± 0.21 | −0.27 ± 0.54 | 0.52 ± 0.98 | 0.58 ± 0.39 | 0.06 ± 1.09 | 0.15 ± 0.10 | 0.17 ± 0.13 | 0.02 ± 0.10 |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone [IU/l] | 39.9 ± 37.1 | 69.5 ± 37.5 | 29.5 ± 40.5 | 24.2 ± 21.8 |
80.3 31.9 |
56.0 ± 36.3 | 11.7 ± 16.6 | 18.9 ± 12.3 | 7.1 ± 21.5 | 82.0 ± 29.1 | 82.6 ± 29.6 | 0.6 ± 24.7 |
| Total cholesterol [mmol/l] | 5.23 ± 0.91 | 5.67 ± 1.00 | 0.43 ± 0.88 | 5.14 ± 0.90 | 5.75 ± 1.02 | 0.61 ± 0.75 | 5.07 ± 0.78 | 5.41 ± 0.99 | 0.34 ± 0.92 | 5.50 ± 0.95 | 5.69 ± 0.94 | 0.20 ± 0.98 |
| HDL-C [mmol/l] | 1.72 ± 0.47 | 1.91 ± 0.50 | 0.19 ± 0.39 | 1.68 ± 0.42 | 1.93 ± 0.48 | 0.25 ± 0.39 | 1.61 ± 0.38 | 1.78 ± 0.41 | 0.17 ± 0.29 | 1.86 ± 0.55 | 1.97 ± 0.56 | 0.11 ± 0.42 |
| LDL-C [mmol/l] | 3.05 ± 0.80 | 3.41 ± 0.88 | 0.37 ± 0.76 | 2.98 ± 0.75 | 3.49 ± 0.91 | 0.51 ± 0.67 | 2.97 ± 0.75 | 3.27 ± 0.86 | 0.30 ± 0.80 | 3.20 ± 0.89 | 3.37 ± 0.85 | 0.17 ± 0.82 |
| Glucose [mmol/l] | 5.15 ± 0.45 | 5.16 ± 0.62 | 0.02 ± 0.55 | 5.12 ± 0.43 | 5.22 ± 0.70 | 0.10 ± 0.64 | 5.18 ± 0.42 | 5.20 ± 0.45 | 0.03 ± 0.36 | 5.18 ± 0.48 | 5.05 ± 0.55 | −0.13 ± 0.45 |
| Triglycerides [mmol/l] | 1.08 ± 0.61 | 1.27 ± 0.73 | 0.19 ± 0.53 | 1.06 ± 0.53 | 1.31 ± 0.70 | 0.25 ± 0.52 | 1.03 ± 0.49 | 1.12±0.54 | 0.10 ± 0.41 | 1.13 ± 0.76 | 1.29 ± 0.88 | 0.16 ± 0.60 |
| Blood pressure and anthropometrics [n] | 249 | 298 | 249 | 139 | 149 | 139 | 46 | 56 | 46 | 64 | 93 | 64 |
| Systolic blood pressure [mmHg] | 132.0 ± 16.3 | 133.2 ± 18.3 | 2.0 ± 13.4 | 132.2 ± 17.4 | 133.6 ± 18.0 | 2.0 ± 13.4 | 132.0 ± 15.8 | 133.6 ± 19.1 | 2.2 ± 13.6 | 131.4 ± 14.6 | 132.2 ± 18.4 | 1.8 ± 13.4 |
| Diastolic blood pressure [mmHg] | 84.1 ± 9.2 | 81.9 ± 10.0 | −2.1 ± 6.5 | 83.9 ± 9.7 | 82.2 ± 10.4 | −1.5 ± 7.1 | 84.3 ± 8.6 | 81.5 ± 9.3 | −3.1 ± 5.9 | 84.3 ± 8.8 | 81.7 ± 10.0 | −2.8 ± 5.3 |
| Waist circumference [cm] | 82.9 ± 9.7 | 83.7 ± 10.4 | 1.2 ± 4.2 | 83.0 ± 10.3 | 83.8 ± 11.1 | 1.3 ± 3.9 | 83.2 ± 8.8 | 84.6 ± 9.6 | 0.9 ± 4.8 | 82.3 ± 9.0 | 83.1 ± 9.8 | 1.1 ± 4.4 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio × 100 | 82.5 ± 6.4 | 84.2 ± 5.5 | 1.7 ± 3.7 | 82.4 ± 6.7 | 83.8 ± 5.4 | 1.4 ± 4.1 | 82.8 ± 6.0 | 85.1 ± 5.8 | 2.1 ± 3.7 | 82.7 ± 6.0 | 84.4 ± 5.4 | 2.2 ± 2.5 |
| Weight [kg] | 69.5 ± 10.8 | 70.9 ± 11.5 | 1.8 ± 3.9 | 69.8 ± 11.0 | 71.7 ± 12.3 | 2.3 ± 3.6 | 70.0 ± 10.3 | 72.0 ± 10.4 | 1.5 ± 3.3 | 68.3 ± 10.8 | 69.1 ± 10.6 | 1.0 ± 4.5 |
| Body mass index [kg/m2] | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 25.8 ± 4.1 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 25.5 ± 3.9 | 26.2 ± 4.4 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 25.1 ± 3.1 | 25.9 ± 3.3 | 0.5 ± 1.2 | 24.9 ± 3.6 | 25.3 ± 3.8 | 0.4 ± 1.6 |
| Body mass index [kg/m2]b | ||||||||||||
| <18.5 | 0 (1) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | ||||
| 18.5–24.9 | 53 (131) | 44 (131) | 51 (71) | 44 (66) | 52 (24) | 38 (21) | 56 (36) | 47 (44) | ||||
| 25–29.9 | 36 (90) | 39 (117) | 36 (50) | 36 (54) | 39 (18) | 48 (27) | 34 (22) | 39 (36) | ||||
| ≥30 | 11 (27) | 16 (47) | 13 (18 | 19 (28) | 9 (4) | 14 (8) | 8 (5) | 12 (11) | ||||
| Body composition [n] | 244 | 292 | 240 | 137 | 145 | 134 | 44 | 55 | 44 | 63 | 92 | 62 |
| Total fat mass [kg] | 24.2 ± 8.4 | 25.9 ± 9.1 | 2.0 ± 3.3 | 24.7 ± 8.9 | 26.7 ± 9.8 | 2.6 ± 2.8 | 23.5 ± 7.3 | 25.1 ± 7.9 | 1.2 ± 3.3 | 23.7 ± 7.9 | 25.1 ± 8.4 | 1.3 ± 4.0 |
| Android fat mass [kg] | 2.14 ± 0.91 | 2.39 ± 1.01 | 0.27 ± 0.42 | 2.18 ± 0.96 | 2.47 ± 1.09 | 0.35 ± 0.38 | 2.06 ± 0.81 | 2.26 ± 0.87 | 0.15 ± 0.35 | 2.11 ± 0.88 | 2.34 ± 0.96 | 0.17 ± 0.50 |
| Total fat percentage [%] | 34.0 ± 7.4 | 35.7 ± 7.6 | 2.0 ± 2.8 | 34.3 ± 8.0 | 36.4 ± 8.0 | 2.5 ± 2.3 | 32.9 ± 5.9 | 34.2 ± 6.6 | 1.1 ± 3.0 | 34.1 ± 7.0 | 35.5 ± 7.4 | 1.4 ± 3.3 |
| Fat free mass [kg] | 45.2 ± 4.3 | 44.8 ± 4.4 | −0.4 ± 1.5 | 45.2 ± 4.3 | 44.6 ± 4.5 | −0.5 ± 1.6 | 46.6 ± 4.5 | 46.8 ± 4.0 | 0.1 ± 1.3 | 44.2 ± 4.0 | 44.0 ± 4.2 | −0.5 ± 1.5 |
| Metabolic syndrome risk factorsb [n] | 249 | 298 | 139 | 149 | 46 | 56 | 64 | 93 | ||||
| 0 | 31 (77) | 29 (87) | 31 (43) | 28 (42) | 28 (13) | 29 (16) | 33 (21) | 31 (29) | ||||
| 1 | 32 (79) | 35 (103) | 30 (42) | 35 (52) | 37 (17) | 39 (22) | 31 (20) | 31 (29) | ||||
| 2 | 22 (54) | 21 (61) | 24 (33) | 20 (29) | 15 (7) | 18 (10) | 22 (14) | 24 (22) | ||||
| 3 | 10 (25) | 8 (25) | 10 (14) | 8 (12) | 9 (4) | 11 (6) | 11 (7) | 8 (7) | ||||
| 4 | 4 (11) | 5 (15) | 4 (6) | 6 (9) | 7 (3) | 4 (2) | 3 (2) | 4 (4) | ||||
| 5 | 1 (3) | 2 (7) | 1 (1) | 3 (5) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | ||||
| Accelerometer-measured PA [n] | 235 | 283 | 222 | 134 | 141 | 126 | 43 | 55 | 43 | 58 | 87 | 53 |
| ACC-MAD [mg] | 30.2 ± 10.0 | 28.3±8.6 | −1.9 ± 7.2 | 29.7 ± 11.1 | 28.0 ± 8.3 | −1.8 ± 7.8 | 31.7 ± 7.8 | 29.1 ± 8.8 | −3.3 ± 5.8 | 30.3 ± 8.6 | 28.4 ± 9.0 | −0.9 ± 6.7 |
| Use of hormonal preparationsb [n] | 298 | 298 | 149 | 149 | 56 | 56 | 93 | 93 | ||||
| Non-user | 62 (186) | 60 (180) | 62 (101) | 66 (99) | 39 (22) | 34 (19) | 68 (63) | 67 (62) | ||||
| Progestogen | 38 (112) | 19 (56) | 32 (48) | 15 (23) | 61 (34) | 41 (23) | 32 (30) | 11 (10) | ||||
| Estrogen | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | 0 (0) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | ||||
| Progestogen + Estrogen | 0 (0) | 18 (52) | 0 (0) | 15 (23) | 0 (0) | 21 (12) | 0 (0) | 18 (17) | ||||
| Lifestyle habits [n] | 276 | 298 | 276 | 144 | 149 | 144 | 53 | 56 | 53 | 79 | 93 | 79 |
| Alcohol consumption [portions/wk] | 3.73 ± 3.92 | 3.24 ± 3.43 | −0.53 ± 2.63 | 3.93 ± 3.32 | 3.68 ± 3.69 | −0.26 ± 2.32 | 3.00 ± 2.43 | 2.54 ± 1.94 | −0.58 ± 1.91 | 3.86 ± 5.43 | 2.98 ± 3.62 | −0.99 ± 3.45 |
| Diet quality score | 5.87 ± 2.45 | 5.85 ± 2.26 | −0.02 ± 1.90 | 5.84 ± 2.52 | 5.70 ± 2.33 | −0.04 ± 1.90 | 5.77 ± 2.28 | 6.20 ± 2.34 | 0.38 ± 1.91 | 5.99 ± 2.46 | 5.88 ± 2.08 | −0.27 ± 1.89 |
| Smokingb | ||||||||||||
| Non-smoker | 95 (262) | 94 (280) | 95 (136) | 94 (140) | 96 (51) | 96 (54) | 95 (75) | 92 (86) | 95 (262) | |||
| Smoker | 5 (13) | 6 (18) | 5 (7) | 6 (9) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) | 5 (4) | 8 (7) | 5 (13) | |||
Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.
PRE-POST participants who were pre- or perimenopausal at baseline and postmenopausal at follow-up, PRE-PRE participants who were pre- or perimenopausal in both measurements, POST-POST participants who were postmenopausal already at baseline, BL baseline measurement, FU follow-up measurement, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PA physical activity, ACC-MAD accelerometer-measured mean amplitude deviation, mg milligravity (0.00981 m/s2).
aFor participants with baseline and follow-up measurement.
bData are % (n).