Table 2.

Overview of ongoing clinical trials investigating the potential of surfactant replacement therapy in COVID-19 management. Abbreviations: NA; not announced, BLES; bovine lipid extraction surfactant.

Preparation	Dose	Dose frequency	Initiation	Delivery mode	Sample size	Phase	Ref.
Bovactant (Alveofact®)	1080–3240 mg/kg (45 mg/mL)	3/day	Within 24 h of ventilation	Nebulization	24	NA	[31]
BLES®	50 mg/kg (27 mg/mL)	≤ 3/day	As soon as possible/within 48 h of ventilation	Intratracheal instillation	20	I/II	[32]
Poractant Alfa (Curosurf®)	48 mg/kg (16 mg/mL)	NA	Within 72 h of ventilation	Endobronchial administration	20	II	[33]
Lucinactant (Surfaxin®)	80 mg/kg	NA	At the time of ventilation	Intratracheal instillation	30	II	[34]
Poractant Alfa (Curosurf®)	30 mg/kg (80 mg/mL)	3/day	Within 48 h of ventilation	Intratracheal instillation	85	II	[35]