Table 4.
Study characteristics and main findings of reports on individuals with SCT and COVID-19. Authors listed in alphabetical order.
| Authors | Country | Study type | Sample size n (M/F) |
Age (years) | Control group | Main findings | SCT |
Non-SCT |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hosp. rate n (%) |
Mort. rate n (%) |
Hosp. rate n (%) |
Mort. rate n (%) |
|||||||
| Al-Hebshi et al. [75] | Saudi Arabia | Case report | 1 (0/1) | 50 | None | No significant symptoms, except for headache and fatigue prior to testing. Normal labs and chest X-ray. | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | n/a | n/a |
| Balanchivadze et al. [28] | USA | Case report | 18 (3/15) | 58 | None | SCT pts. generally had mild disease course with lower chances of intubation, ICU admission, and death. | 11 (61) | 1 (6) | n/a | n/a |
| Clift et al. [38] | UK | Obs. | 1346 (n/a) | n/a | COVID-19 w/o SCT | SCT pts. had 1.4-fold and 1.5-fold increased risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19, respectively. | 98 (7.3) | 50 (3.7) | 23,561 (4.4) | 19,008 (3.5) |
| Hoogenboom et al. [39] | USA | Obs. | 62 (13/49) | 47 | Matched and unmatched COVID-19 w/o SCT | SCT pts. did not differ from (un)matched controls in laboratory values or outcomes. | 31 (50) | 7 (23)1 | n/a | 20 (18)1 |
| Merz et al. [93] | USA | Obs. | 20 (11/9) | 66 | COVID-19 w/o SCT | SCT did not impact respiratory, renal, or circulatory complications or mortality in COVID-19 pts. when compared to non-SCT pts. | n/a | 3 (15)1 | n/a | 19 (13)1 |
| Quaresima et al. [87] | Italy | Obs. | 2 (1/1) | 51 | None | Prolonged positivity for SARS-CoV-2, but mostly asymptomatic to mild disease course. | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | n/a | n/a |
| Resurreccion et al. [92] | UK | Case report | 14 (6/8) | 64 | COVID-19 w/o SCT | Black SCT pts. had similar infection rates, but higher mortality compared to Black pts. w/o SCT. Diabetes was a risk factor for COVID-19 related death. | n/a | 4 (29) | n/a | 21 (13) |
| Sheha et al. [95] | Egypt | Obs. | 1 (0/1) | 22 | None | First case of SCD diagnosed due to concurrent COVID-19.2 | n/a | 0 (0) | n/a | n/a |
| Singh et al. [[33]] | USA | Case report | 449 (237/212) | 37.7 | Matched COVID-19 pts. w/o SCT | Black pts. with SCT did not differ in COVID-19 disease course or outcomes compared to Black pts. w/o SCT. | 79 (18) | 10 (2.2) | n/a | n/a |
| Tafti et al. [96] | USA | Obs. | 1 (1/0) | 33 | None | Pt developed rhabdomyolysis, myonecrosis, and an abscess, all of which were exacerbated by COVID-19 / SCT. | n/a | 0 (0) | n/a | n/a |
| Waghmere et al. [94] | India | Obs. | 24 (0/24) | n/a | Pregnant COVID-19 w/o SCT | Pregnant women with SCT have increased risk of pregnancy complications in comparison to pregnant women w/o SCT. | n/a | 1 (4.2)1 | n/a | 11 (0.7)1 |
Abbreviations: ACS, acute chest syndrome; AKI, acute kidney injury; ALI, acute liver injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CT, computed tomography; ED, emergency department; Hosp., hospitalization; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; LOS, length of stay; n/a, not available, not applicable, unknown, or not specified; Mort., mortality; pts., patients; Obs., observational cohort study; SCD, sickle cell disease; SCT, sickle cell trait; w/o, without.
1
In-hospital.
2
Patient tested positive for SCT but was suspected SCD.