Table 1.

Summary of biocompatible and biomaterials in different drug delivery systems.

Material	Compound	Dental problem	Method	Outcome	Ref
Chitosan/alginate polyelectrolyte complex film	Clindamycin phosphate	Periodontitis	Investigation of thickness, drug content, structure, release kinetics, and adhesion of formulations (in vitro)	Adhesiveness increased due to the increment of sodium alginate in contents and molecular weight of chitosan in complex films	[15]
Silver nanoparticles	Titanium	Peri-implantitis	Evaluation of antibacterial effects through disk diffusion tests (in vitro and in vivo)	Nanosilver improved healing process with its effect on surface properties	[16]
				Antibacterial activity of titanium enhanced by nanosilver particles
Silver microparticles	Tetracycline/chlorohexidine	Regeneration of infected tissues	Evaluation of antibacterial activity of silver microparticles loading tetracycline/chlorhexidine on human dental pulp stem cells	Silver particles affect oral bacteria species by enhanced antibiotic delivery and membrane rupture through prohibition of protein synthesis	[17]
Gold nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Gastric cancer cells	Evaluation of drug delivery of gold nanoparticles (in vitro)	Gold nanoparticles enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin	[18]
Gold nanoparticles	Salacia chinensis	Implantation	Assessment of gold nanoparticles formation with UV-visible spectroscopy, X-RD, ICP-AES, AFM, Zetasizer, TEM and visual methods X-RD, ICP-AES, AFM, and TEM	Gold nanoparticles improved osteoinductive effect during dental implantation	[19]
Gold nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Oral cancer	Evaluation of cytotoxicity in oral squamous cell carcinoma	Gold nanoparticles increased cytotoxic effect against oral cancer cells and induced apoptosis in cancer cells by increment of doxorubicin pH-resistant	[20]
			Investigation of resistance and pH-sensitivity of doxorubicin in hamster buccal pouch carcinoma model (in vivo and in vitro)
Alginate–gelatin microspheres	Ciprofloxacin	Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection	Evaluation of matrix features by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and microsphere surface through SEM (scanning electron microscopy)	Alginate/gelatin matrix improve ciprofloxacin oral administration for infection diseases	[21]
Gelatin film	Ethanol extract of propolis	Staphylococcus aureus infection	Investigation of antimicrobial effects, adhesiveness, stability, and mechanical properties of the films in vitro	Films enhanced the stability and antimicrobial activities of the loaded extract in the oral mucosa	[22]
Gelatin films	Econazole nitrate	Mucosal candidiasis	Evaluation of the film features with X-RD	Easy to scale up and increase adhesiveness to mucosal tissue	[23]
Gelatin-β-tricalcium phosphate (gelatin-β-TCP)	Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)	Bone regeneration	Evaluation of feasibility of gelatin-β-TCP	Gelatin-β-TCP controlled release of bFGF and improved bone regeneration	[24]
Gelatin hydrogel	Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2(RhFGF-2)	Hard tissue healing	Evaluation of feasibility of gelatin hydrogel to increase (RhFGF-2) induced osteogenic activities throughout distraction of rat mandibular (in vivo)	Enhanced hard tissue healing and treatment time following surgery	[25]
Alginate microparticles	Morin	Dental plaque	Investigation of physical properties of microparticles by SEM	Microbial viability and acidogenicity decreased	[26]
			Assessment of acidogenicity and microbial viability of composition
Collagen	Tetracycline	Dental plaque	Investigate the resorbable collagen-based tetracycline via split-mouth design (in vivo)	Collagen improved antimicrobial agent delivery	[27]
Chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)	Cefuroxime axetil	Oral mucosal infections	Evaluation of release properties, surface morphology, adhesion, disintegration, water uptake, and mechanical strength of formulation (in vitro)	Chitosan increased antimicrobial activity, and HPMC increased control of drug release with appropriate adhesive properties, and mechanical strength	[28]
Gelatin and silk fibroin nanofibers	Doxycycline monohydrate	Oral mucosal infections	Investigation of physical properties of the gelatin and silk fibroin by using mouse fibroblast L929 cells (in vitro)	Addition of gelatin and silk fibroin increased surface wettability, nanofiber's diameter, bulk hydrophilicity, mass loss percentage, and reduced tensile strength, young's modulus, and porosity	[29]
Hydroxyapatite/titanium oxide	Antibiotics (amoxicillin, gentamicin tobramycin, cephalothin)	Oral postsurgery infections	Investigation of antibacterial effects of antibiotics was loaded into the hydroxyapatite by UV spectroscopy	Slow release of antibiotics loaded into the hydroxyapatite in implantation	[30]
Calcium phosphate	Vancomycin	Oral mucosal infections	Investigation of processing parameters on its degradation and vancomycin release	Improve control of drug release through managing the parameters	[31]