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. 2021 Jun 19;8(4):459–480. doi: 10.1007/s40801-021-00266-3

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Real-world data definitions and data sources.

Adapted from Makady et al. [16] with permission from Value Health 2017; 20(7):858-65. Copyright© 2017 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. EMR electronic medical record, LST large simple trial, Obs. Observational, PAES post-authorization efficacy study, PASS post-authorization safety studies, PCT pragmatic clinical trial, RCT randomized clinical trial, RWD real-world data, EMA Europe Medical Agency, FDA US Food and Drug Administration, ISPOR the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, ISPE the International Society of Pharmacoepidemiology