Fig. 1.

Dose–response relationship for the effects of memantine and PHA-543613 on spatial learning and recall of long-term memory in the water maze task. Overall escape latency (A-B) and swimming path length (C-D) during the training days (days 1–4) showed no effect of the treatments. Time spent in the target quadrant in the probe trial (day 5) showed significant main effect of the treatments (E). Data are expressed as mean + SEM. Grey circles on the bar chart represent individual data points. Significant differences between a given treatment and the scopolamine-only treatment were marked with asterisks: **p < 0.01