Table 2.

Approved immunotherapies for cancer treatment

Approved immunotherapy	Targeted proteins	Approved cancers
Checkpoint inhibitors
Durvalumab	PD-L1	Urothelial cancer, Non- small-cell lung cancer [177, 178]
Avelumab	PD-L1	Advanced Merkel cell carcinoma, urothelial cancer [179]
Atezolizumab	PD-L1	Urothelial cancer, Non- small-cell lung cancer [180]
Nivolumab	PD-1	Melanoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Colorectal cancer, Hepatocellular cancer, Non- small-cell lung cancer, Kidney cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and Urothelial cancer, Bladder cancer [181]
Pembrolizumab	PD- 1	Gastric cancer, Head and neck cancer, Urothelial bladder cancer [182]
Ipilimumab	CTL A4	Melanoma [183]
Relatlimab	LAG-3	Recurrent glioblastoma [184]
Urelumab	CD137	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [185]
T cell therapies
Axicabtagene ciloleucel	CD19-specific CAR T cells	B cell lymphoma [186]
Tisagenlecleucel	CD19-specific CAR T cells	B cell lymphocytic leukaemia, non- Hodgkin lymphoma [187]
Cancer vaccines
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin	The stain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant Bovis	Bladder cancer [188]
Sipuleucel- T	PBMCs activated with recombinant human PAP-GM- CSF	Prostate cancer [147]
Cytokines
Intron A	Recombinant IFNα2b	Leukaemia, Melanoma, Follicular lymphoma, AIDS-related Kaposi sarcomt [189]
Aldesleukin	Recombinant IL-2	Melanoma, kidney cancer [190]
Roferon- A	Recombinant IFNα2a	Cell leukaemia, Chronic myelogenous leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma [191]
Imiquimod	Stimulates TNF, IL-12, IFNγ	Basal cell carcinoma [192]
Radioimmunotherapy
Ibritumomabtiuxetan	CD20	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [193]
Tositumomab	CD20	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [194]
Oncolytic virus therapy
Talimogene laherparepvec	Genetically modified HSV type 1	Melonoma [195]
Bispecefic antibodies
Blinatumomab	CD19, CD3	B cell lymphocytic leukaemia [196]