Table 4.
Adjusted Mean Change in Parents’ Vaccine-Related Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceived Self-Efficacy, From Baseline to Follow-up
| Vaccine-hesitant at baseline |
Not vaccine-hesitant at baseline |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study arm comparisons | Mean change from baseline to Timepoint 1 | Mean change from baseline to Timepoint 2 | Mean change from baseline to Timepoint 1 | Mean change from baseline to Timepoint 2 |
|
| ||||
| Attitudes regarding benefits of vaccinationa | ||||
| Vaccine social media vs usual care | 0.23 (0.05, 0.40) | 0.12 (−0.07, 0.31) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.06) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) |
| Vaccine information vs usual care | 0.22 (0.04, 0.40) | 0.09 (−0.11, 0.29) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.01) |
| Vaccine social media vs vaccine information | 0.01 (−0.14, 0.16) | 0.03 (−0.13, 0.19) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) |
| Attitudes regarding risks of vaccinationb | ||||
| Vaccine social media vs usual care | −0.19 (−0.39, 0.002) | −0.37 (−0.60, −0.14) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) |
| Vaccine information vs usual care | −0.18 (−0.39, 0.02) | −0.31 (−0.55, −0.07) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.12) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.18) |
| Vaccine social media vs vaccine information | −0.01 (−0.18, 0.16) | −0.06 (−0.26, 0.14) | −0.04 (−0.11, 0.03) | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.01) |
| Perceived self-efficacy regarding vaccination decision makingc | ||||
| Vaccine social media vs usual care | −0.12 (−0.40, 0.16) | 0.29 (−0.03, 0.60) | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.11) | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.12) |
| Vaccine information vs usual care | 0.01 (−0.28, 0.30) | 0.37 (0.04, 0.69) | −0.06 (−0.19, 0.07) | −0.09 (−0.24, 0.05) |
| Vaccine social media vs vaccine information | −0.13 (−0.38, 0.12) | −0.08 (−0.35, 0.19) | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.14) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.18) |
Note: Values represent adjusted mean change (95% CI) in scores on a 5-point Likert-type scale for each vaccine-related construct, assessed for the two categories of vaccine hesitancy measured at baseline. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
a
A positive number represents an increase over time in parental confidence regarding the benefits of vaccination.
b
A negative number represents a decrease over time in parental concern about the risks of vaccination.
c
A positive number represents an increase over time in perceived self-efficacy regarding vaccination decision making.