Table 3.

Race/ethnicity subgroup differences in COVID-19 in-hospital outcomes in the AHA COVID-19 registry, March-December 2020

	Rate per 1,000c	Unadjusted		Model 1d		Model 2d
		OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P

All-Cause Mortality
NHW	163	Reference		Reference		Reference
AAPIa	162	0.86 (0.70 – 1.05)	0.15	1.15 (0.93 – 1.42)	0.21	1.14 (0.91 – 1.41)	0.25
Chinese	281	1.37 (0.90 – 2.08)	0.14	1.53 (0.99 – 2.38)	0.06	1.46 (0.94 – 2.27)	0.09
Asian Indian	143	0.84 (0.43 – 1.63)	0.60	1.14 (0.57 – 2.29)	0.71	1.05 (0.52 – 2.11)	0.90
Pacific Islander	55	0.35 (0.13 – 0.98)	0.05	0.62 (0.22 – 1.76)	0.37	0.62 (0.22 – 1.79)	0.38
Vietnamese	148	0.73 (0.35 – 1.52)	0.41	0.89 (0.43 – 1.87)	0.76	0.83 (0.39 – 1.76)	0.63
Hispanicb	134	0.57 (0.50 – 0.65)	<0.01	0.98 (0.86 – 1.13)	0.83	0.96 (0.83 – 1.11)	0.57
Mexican	180	0.69 (0.51 – 0.93)	0.01	1.21 (0.88 – 1.66)	0.24	1.15 (0.84 – 1.57)	0.40
Puerto Rican	130	0.45 (0.19 – 1.10)	0.08	0.49 (0.20 – 1.24)	0.13	0.49 (0.19 – 1.22)	0.12

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
NHW	205	Reference		Reference		Reference
AAPIa	200	0.88 (0.73 – 1.07)	0.20	1.17 (0.96 – 1.43)	0.11	1.17 (0.96 – 1.42)	0.12
Chinese	336	1.41 (0.95 – 2.09)	0.09	1.56 (1.03 – 2.37)	0.04	1.50 (0.98 – 2.27)	0.06
Asian Indian	221	1.15 (0.66 – 2.02)	0.62	1.61 (0.89 – 2.91)	0.12	1.48 (0.81 – 2.70)	0.20
Pacific Islander	81	0.41 (0.17 – 0.96)	0.04	0.70 (0.29 – 1.69)	0.43	0.72 (0.30 – 1.73)	0.46
Vietnamese	197	0.80 (0.42 – 1.54)	0.51	0.95 (0.49 – 1.84)	0.88	0.90 (0.46 – 1.76)	0.76
Hispanicb	155	0.56 (0.50 – 0.64)	<0.01	0.95 (0.84 – 1.08)	0.45	0.93 (0.82 – 1.06)	0.28
Mexican	220	0.72 (0.55 – 0.95)	0.02	1.24 (0.93 – 1.66)	0.14	1.18 (0.88 – 1.57)	0.28
Puerto Rican	151	0.44 (0.19 – 1.00)	0.05	0.47 (0.20 – 1.11)	0.08	0.46 (0.20 – 1.09)	0.08

AAPI: Asian American/Pacific Islander, CI: confidence interval, CVD: cardiovascular disease, NHW: non-Hispanic White, OR: Odds ratio. ^aAAPI includes Chinese, Indian, Pacific Islander, Vietnamese, and other Asian participants either not further specified or in groups too small to analyze separately. ^bHispanic includes Mexican, Puerto Rican, and other Hispanic participants either not further specified or in groups too small to analyze separately. ^cUnadjusted rate per 1,000 hospitalized patients per subgroup. ^dModel 1 adjusted for age, Model 2 additionally adjusted for sex, insurance status, and history of CVD (defined as history of coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, or atrial fibrillation). Model 3 (additionally adjusted for diabetes, smoking, and obesity) in overall race/ethnic categories is shown in Supplemental Table 3