Table 3.
Grade evidence profile PICO1: Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19
| Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 People: Patients with COVID-19 Settings: Inpatients (15 studies) outpatient (5 studies) Intervention: Hydroxychloroquine Comparison: No treatment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Absolute effect |
Relative effect (95% CI) | Number of studies | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | |
| Without hydroxychloroquine | With hydroxychloroquine | ||||
| All-cause mortality | 168 per 1000 |
178 per 1000 |
RR 1.06 (0.97 to 1.16) |
19 [[12], [13], [14], [15], [16],[18], [19], [20], [21],23,[25], [26], [27], [28],[110], [111], [112], [113], [114]] (10 382 patients) |
⊕⊕⊕⊕ High |
|
Difference: 10 more per 1000 (95% CI 5 fewer to 27 more) | |||||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO | 85 per 1000 |
92 per 1000 |
RR 1.08 (0.91 to 1.28) |
8 [14,15,[18], [19], [20],28,112,114] (5701 patients) |
⊕⊕⊕⊕ High |
| Difference: 7 more per 1000 (95% CI 8 fewer to 24 more) | |||||
| Hospitalization (end of follow-up) | 55 per 1000 |
37 per 1000 |
RR 0.68 (0.41 to 1.13) |
5 [[26], [27], [28],110,113] (1345 patients) |
⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low (serious imprecision and serious risk of bias) |
|
Difference: 18 fewer per 1000 (95% CI 32 fewer to 7 more) | |||||
| Clinical deterioration (within 28 days of treatment begin) | 89 per 1000 |
72 per 1000 |
RR 0.81 (0.35 to 1.89) |
1 [19] (247 patients) |
⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low (very serious imprecision) |
|
Difference: 17 fewer per 1000 95% CI 58 fewer to 79 more) | |||||
| Clinical Improvement (within 28 days of treatment begin) | 756 per 1000 |
794 per 1000 |
RR 1.05 (0.91 to 1.2) |
1 [19] (247 patients) |
⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low (very serious imprecision) |
|
Difference: 38 more per 1000 (95% CI 68 fewer to 151 more) | |||||
| Discharge for hospital (within 28 days of treatment begin) | 694 per 1000 |
680 per 1000 |
RR 0.98 (0.96 to 1.01) |
5 [12,19,111,112,114] (7365 patients) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ High |
|
Difference: 14 fewer per 1000 (95% CI 28 fewer to 7 more) | |||||
| Adverse events (end of follow-up) | 322 per 1000 |
538 per 1000 |
RR 1.67 (1.21 to 2.3) |
11 [13,14,[19], [20], [21], [22], [23],27,28,110,115] (2077 patients) |
⊕⊕⊕⊖ Moderate (serious risk of bias) |
|
Difference: 216 more per 1000 (95% CI 68 more to 419 more) | |||||
| Serious adverse events (end of follow-up) | 68 per 1000 |
74 per 1000 |
RR 1.09 (0.86 to 1.37) |
11 [13,19,20,22,23,25,[27], [28], [29],113,115] (2721 patients) |
⊕⊕⊕⊖ Moderate (Serious risk of bias) |
|
Difference: 6 more per 1000 (95% CI 10 fewer to 25 more) | |||||
References: [[12], [13], [14], [15], [16],[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29],[110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115]].
Evidence adopted: Australian National COVID-19 Evidence Taskforce (https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/5446/section/78675).
Evidence Search date: April 23–June 11.