Table 5.
Goodness-of-fit indices and Chi-square difference tests for models testing measurement invariance with respect to country.
| Model compared | Chi-square | df | Chi. Dif. | df Dif. | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Baseline (configural) | 210.15 | 26 | – | – | – | |
| 2a. Invariant loadings | 1 | 235.20 | 31 | 19.27 | 5 | 0.002 |
| 2b. Invariant loadings (free: Λenjoyment) | 1 | 214.16 | 30 | 3.54 | 4 | 0.472 |
| 3a. Invariant loadings and intercepts (free: Λenjoyment) | 2b | 269.59 | 35 | 44.68 | 5 | <0.001 |
| 3b. Invariant loadings and intercepts (free: Λenjoyment; υopposition) | 2b | 226.08 | 34 | 8.93 | 4 | 0.063 |
| 4. Invariant loadings, intercepts, and residuals (free: Λenjoyment; υopposition) | 3b | 693.35 | 41 | 374.85 | 7 | <0.001 |
Λ = factor loading; υ = manifest intercept.