Table 1.
Effect of dietary tannins on methane production and other major effects in vitro and in vivo studies.
| Plant | Dosage | Trial type | Unit | Methane reduction potential (% of control) | Other major effects reported | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acacia tannins | 50 g/kg DM | In vitro | mL/24h | 15% | −11% of total VFA | Staerfl, Kreuzer, and Soliva, 2010 |
| Chestnut and sumarch (HT) and mimosa and quebracho (CT) | 1 g/L | In vitro | mL/L | 3% CT 7% HT |
−14% CT and −5.8% HT of total VFA |
Jayanegara et al., 2015 |
| Chestnut leaves | ∼24 mg/g DM of HT tannin | in vitro | mL/24h | 28% | −13% total VFA | Terranova, Kreuzer, Braun, and Schwarm, 2018 |
| CT from leaves of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, and Manihot esculenta. | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g CT/Kg, respectively | In vitro and in vivo (rumen-cannulated sheep) | mL/24h | Up to 22% (in vitro) | Up to −25% (in vitro) of total VFA No effect on Methanogens population (in vivo) |
Rira et al., 2015 |
| Vaccinium vitis idaea | 140 g of extract containing 2 g of tannins/kg DM | In vivo (Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy) | mM | 8% | −46% rumen NH3 −35% Protozoa −21% Methanogens No effect on total VFA |
Cieslak, Zmora, Pers-Kamczyc, and Szumacher-Strabel, 2012 |
| Acacia mearnsii tannin extract | 7 g/Kg DMI | In vivo (dairy cows) | g/day | 32% | No effect on milk production | Alves et al., 2017 |
| Chestnut or Chestnut+Quebracho tannin extract | 1.5 g/Kg | In vivo (crossbred steers) | g/day | No effect | No effect on Protozoa population No effect on total VFA production |
Aboagye et al., 2018 |
CT, Condensed tannins; HT, Hydrolysable tannins; VFA, Volatile Fatty Acids.