Table 2.
Factors associated with need for resuscitation at birth. Based on data from Aziz and colleagues5 and Weiner.6
| Factor | |
|---|---|
| Antepartum | Preterm birth <36 weeks or post-term birth >40 weeks |
| Multiple pregnancy at <35 weeks' gestation | |
| Maternal hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia | |
| Maternal infection | |
| Polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios | |
| Fetal anaemia | |
| Fetal hydrops | |
| Intrauterine growth restriction or fetal macrosomia | |
| Major fetal anomalies or malformations | |
| No prenatal care | |
| Intrapartum | Emergency Caesarean section |
| Meconium-stained amniotic fluid | |
| Breech or other malpresentation | |
| Maternal general anaesthesia | |
| Maternal magnesium therapy | |
| Placental abruption | |
| Intrapartum bleeding | |
| Chorioamnionitis | |
| Narcotics administered to mother within 4 h of delivery | |
| Prolapsed umbilical cord | |
| Abnormal fetal HR pattern | |
| Shoulder dystocia | |