Table 1.
Demographic, cognitive, psychometric, and hormonal data.
| Clinical parameters | OC-user (n = 25) | Non-user (n = 53) | Range | p-values | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 23.6 (2.42) | 25.1 (5.21) | 18–39 | 0.09 | 78 |
| BMI | 21.5 (1.7) | 23.2 (2.8) | 17–32 | 0.002 | 78 |
| IQ | 109 (6.8) | 110 (7.26) | 96–126 | 0.53 | 78 |
| Education score | 4.7 (0.8) | 4.1 (1.5) | 1–5 | 0.03 | 75 |
| LNS | 12.5 (2.6) | 12.6 (2.6) | 6–19 | 0.94 | 78 |
| SDMT | 68.2 (9.8) | 68.2 (10) | 44–87 | 0.06 | 76 |
| Cohen’s PSS | 7.0 (5.5) | 8.2 (6.4) | 0–23 | 0.39 | 78 |
| MDI | 5.1 (2.9) | 5.1 (3.4) | 0–15 | 0.93 | 76 |
| TMD | -4.2 (11.8) | 2.4 (16.1) | –21–58 | 0.05 | 76 |
| Sleep quality | 5.1 (2.9) | 3.8 (2.1) | 1–10 | 0.09 | 66 |
| P-Estradiol nmol/L | 0.12 (0.2) | 0.48 (1.4) | 0.04–10 | 0.07 | 74 |
| P-Progesterone nmol/L | 0.99 (0.43) | 3.93 (7.74) | 0.4–41 | 0.01 | 71 |
| Categorical variables | OC-user (n = 25) | Non-user (n = 53) | p-values | ||
| Smoking | |||||
| - Non-smokers | 96% (n = 24) | 83% (n = 44) | 0.39 | ||
| - Light smokers | 4% (n = 1) | 7% (n = 4) | |||
| - Intermediate smokers | 0% (n = 0) | 4% (n = 2) | |||
| - Missing value | 0% (n = 0) | 6% (n = 3) | |||
| 5-HTLLPR genotype | |||||
| - LA/LA | 28% (n = 7) | 23% (n = 12) | 0.78 | ||
| - Other genotypes | 72% (n = 18) | 77% (n = 41) | |||
| Day of cortisol saliva samples | |||||
| - Work/study day | 36% (n = 9) | 68% (n = 36) | 0.01 | ||
| - Rest day | 64% (n = 16) | 32% (n = 17) | |||
| BMI | |||||
| - Underweight (<18) | 4% (n = 1) | 4% (n = 2) | 0.09 | ||
| - Normal weight (18–25) | 92% (n = 23) | 75% (n = 40) | |||
| - Overweight | 4% (n = 1) | 19% (n = 10) | |||
| - Obese | 0% (n = 0) | 2% (n = 1) | |||
Mean, standard deviation, and range are shown for clinical parameters in each group. The categorical variables are presented showing the distribution of smoking, 5-HTLLPR genotype, whether the cortisol saliva samples were collected on a work, study, or rest day, and BMI. For clinical parameters, statistical differences were calculated with Welch’s t-test, and for the categorial variables, differences were calculated with Fisher’s test. Sleep quality was assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). PSQI global score ranges overall sleep quality from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicating worse sleep. Total mood disturbance (TMD) ranging from 0 to 200 with higher scores indicating mood disturbances. Body mass index (BMI), Letter-Number-Sequence test (LNS), Cohen’s Perceived Stress test (Cohen’s PSS), Major Depression Inventory (MDI). Light smoker = max 5 cigarettes per day, intermediate smoker = 5–15 cigarettes per day. *For calculation of Fischer’s test, we pooled BMI under 25 versus BMI above 25.