Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| KNHANES 2008–2011 at aged 40 years | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total |
No evidence of pulmonary TB |
TB survivors |
||
| n = 9,203 | n = 8,241 | n = 962 | ||
| Age, years | 55.5 ± 0.2 | 55.0 ± 0.2 | 60.0 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Men | 3780 (47.5) | 3243 (46.3) | 537 (58.1) | <0.0001 |
| Women | 5423 (52.5) | 4998 (53.7) | 425 (41.9) | |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| < Elementary | 3675 (32.3) | 3262 (31.7) | 413 (38.6) | 0.002 |
| Middle school | 1449 (16.3) | 1287 (16.2) | 162 (6.9) | |
| High school | 2485 (30.8) | 2249 (31.2) | 236 (27.5) | |
| ⩾ College | 1556 (20.6) | 1412 (21.0) | 144 (17.1) | |
| Income, n (%) | ||||
| Lowest | 2515 (27.6) | 2199 (26.9) | 316 (33.4) | <0.0001 |
| Lower middle | 2217 (24.3) | 1973 (24.2) | 244 (25.8) | |
| Higher middle | 2138 (23.5) | 1920 (23.5) | 218 (23.0) | |
| Highest | 2239 (24.6) | 2070 (25.4) | 169 (17.9) | |
| Residence, n (%) | ||||
| Urban | 6476 (74.4) | 5787 (74.1) | 689 (76.9) | 0.16 |
| Rural | 2727 (25.6) | 2454 (25.9) | 273 (23.1) | |
| Employment status, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 5251 (63.7) | 4799 (64.9) | 452 (52.1) | <0.0001 |
| No | 3900 (36.3) | 3398 (35.1) | 502 (47.9) | |
| Smoking, n (%) * | ||||
| No | 5627 (64.1) | 5152 (64.8) | 475 (56.9) | 0.0007 |
| Yes | 2466 (35.9) | 2150 (35.2) | 316 (43.1) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) ** | ||||
| No | 3531 (77.8) | 3201 (77.5) | 330 (81.7) | 0.11 |
| Yes | 1030 (22.2) | 953 (22.5) | 77 (18.3) | |
| Alcohol, n (%) *** | ||||
| No | 4971 (54.0) | 4472 (54.3) | 499 (51.9) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 4232 (46.0) | 3769 (45.7) | 463 (48.1) | |
| Number of chronic diseases, n (%) **** | ||||
| 0 | 8245 (91.6) | 7399 (91.8) | 846 (89.8) | 0.06 |
| 1 | 851 (7.6) | 750 (7.5) | 101 (8.6) | |
| ≧2 | 107 (0.8) | 92 (0.8) | 15 (1.5) | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard error or number of subjects and percentage (%). *Smokers were defined as ex-smokers or current. **Exercise was defined as engaging in moderate or vigorous exercise on a regular basis (at least three times per week, 20 min each time). ***Alcohol drinking was defined as the intake of alcohol more than once every month in the last year. ****Comorbidities include diabetes mellitus, stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, and any cancer recorded in this survey.
KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TB, tuberculosis.