Table 3.
Demographic characteristics and nutritional status according to sarcopenia status of tuberculosis survivors.
| KNHANES 2008–2011 at aged 40 years | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | TB survivors (n = 962) | |||||||||
| Sarcopenia_BMI | Sarcopenia_weight | Sarcopenia_height | ||||||||
| ≧0.789 in men or ≧0.512 in women |
< 0.789 in men or < 0.512in women |
p-value | ≧29 in men or ≧22.9 in women |
< 29 in men or < 22.9in women |
p-value | ≧7 in men or ≧5.4 in women |
< 7 in men or < 5.4in women |
p-value | ||
| n = 962 | n = 836 | n = 126 | n = 851 | n = 111 | n = 708 | n = 254 | ||||
| Age, year | 60.0 ± 0.5 | 59.3 ± 0.5 | 66.0 ± 1.5 | < .0001 | 59.6 ± .5 | 63.6 ± 1.5 | 0.01 | 58.9 ± 0.6 | 63.4 ± 1.1 | 0.0002 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1882.1 ± 37.5 | 1903.7 ± 39.0 | 1711.2 ± 101.8 | 0.07 | 1913.3 ± 40.1 | 1621 ± 67.9 | 0.0001 | 1958.4 ± 41.8 | 1644.9 ± 53.2 | <0.0001 |
| Protein, g/day | 64.7 ± 1.5 | 65.5 ± 1.6 | 57.9 ± 4.0 | 0.08 | 65.7 ± 1.6 | 56.3 ± 3.0 | 0.005 | 67.6 ± 1.7 | 55.6 ± 2.2 | <0.0001 |
| Protein, g/kg/day | 1.08 ± 0.02 | 1.09 ± 0.03 | 0.96 ± 0.06 | 0.04 | 1.10 ± 0.03 | 0.90 ± 0.05 | 0.0002 | 1.09 ± 0.03 | 1.04 ± 0.04 | 0.29 |
| Height, cm | 162.1 ± 0.4 | 162.9 ± 0.4 | 156.2 ± 1.1 | < .0001 | 162.5 ± 0.4 | 159.0 ± 1.0 | 0.0006 | 162.4 ± 0.5 | 161.2 ± 0.6 | 0.11 |
| Weight, kg | 60.4 ± 0.4 | 60.5 ± 0.5 | 59.3 ± 1.2 | 0.32 | 60.1 ± 0.5 | 62.6 ± .2 | 0.05 | 62.6 ± 0.5 | 53.6 ± 0.8 | <0.0001 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Men | 537 (58.1) | 467 (58.9) | 70 (51.1) | 0.13 | 484 (60.1) | 53 (41.1) | 0.001 | 374 (56.8) | 163 (62.0) | 0.21 |
| Women | 425 (41.9) | 369 (41.1) | 56 (48.9) | 367 (39.9) | 58 (59.0) | 334 (43.2) | 91 (38.0) | |||
| Education, n (%) | ||||||||||
| < Elementary | 413 (38.6) | 337 (40.6) | 76 (61.3) | < .0001 | 351 (1.5) | 62 (56.4) | 0.09 | 285 (40.4) | 128 (51.2) | 0.04 |
| Middle school | 162 (16.9) | 142 (17.1) | 20 (16.1) | 147 (17.4) | 15 (13.6) | 121 (17.2) | 41 (16.4) | |||
| High school | 236 (27.5) | 218 (26.2) | 18 (4.5) | 212 (25.1) | 24 (21.8) | 184 (26.1) | 52 (20.8) | |||
| ⩾ College | 144 (17.1) | 134 (16.1) | 10 (8.1) | 135 (16.0) | 9 (8.2) | 115 (16.3) | 29 (11.6) | |||
| Income, n (%) | ||||||||||
| lowest | 316 (33.4) | 258 (31.3) | 58 (47.2) | 0.004 | 268 (32.0) | 48 (44.0) | 0.003 | 212 (30.5) | 104 (41.4) | <0.0001 |
| lower middle | 244 (25.8) | 207 (25.1) | 37 (30.1) | 210 (25.1) | 34 (31.19) | 166 (23.9) | 78 (31.1) | |||
| higher middle | 218 (23.0) | 201 (24.4) | 17 (13.8) | 204 (24.3) | 14 (12.84) | 184 (26.4) | 34 (13.6) | |||
| highest | 169 (17.9) | 158 (19.2) | 11 (8.9) | 156 (18.6) | 13 (11.93) | 134 (19.3) | 35 (13.9) | |||
| Residence, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Urban | 689 (76.9) | 601 (76.8) | 88 (77.6) | 0.87 | 601 (76.0) | 88 (84.5) | 0.08 | 511 (76.9) | 178 (77.1) | 0.96 |
| Rural | 273 (23.1) | 235 (23.2) | 38 (22.4) | 250 (24.0) | 23 (15.5) | 197 (23.1) | 76 (22.9) | |||
| Employment status, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 452 (52.1) | 408 (49.2) | 44 (35.5) | 0.0007 | 414 (49.1) | 38 (34.6) | 0.01 | 355 (55.3) | 97 (42.1) | 0.01 |
| No | 502 (47.9) | 422 (50.8) | 80 (64.5) | 430 (51.0) | 72 (65.5) | 349 (44.7) | 153 (57.9) | |||
| Smoking, n (%) * | ||||||||||
| No | 475 (56.9) | 413 (56.5) | 62 (60.0) | 0.55 | 414 (55.2) | 61 (69.9) | 0.03 | 371 (59.2) | 104 (49.7) | 0.04 |
| Yes | 316 (43.1) | 272 (43.5) | 44 (40.0) | 284 (44.8) | 32 (30.1) | 208 (40.8) | 108 (50.3) | |||
| Physical activity, n (%) ** | ||||||||||
| No | 330 (56.9) | 304 (82.6) | 26 (71.0) | 0.25 | 301 (81.7) | 29 (82.3) | 0.96 | 264 (82.3) | 66 (79.2) | 0.64 |
| Yes | 77 (43.1) | 67 (17.4) | 10 (29.0) | 71 (18.3) | 6 (7.7) | 61 (17.7) | 16 (20.8) | |||
| Alcohol, n (%) *** | ||||||||||
| No | 499 (51.9) | 424 (47.3) | 75 (59.4) | 0.04 | 430 (47.0) | 69 (62.4) | 0.01 | 354 (50.0) | 145 (57.1) | 0.13 |
| Yes | 463 (48.1) | 412 (52.7) | 51 (40.6) | 421 (53.0) | 42 (37.6) | 354 (50.0) | 109 (42.9) | |||
| Number of chronic diseases, n (%) | ||||||||||
| 0 | 846 (89.8) | 741 (90.0) | 105 (88.3) | 0.76 | 754 (90.0) | 92 (88.9) | 0.86 | 628 (90.4) | 218 (88.0) | 0.58 |
| 1 | 101 (8.6) | 83 (8.4) | 18 (10.3) | 86 (8.6) | 15 (9.1) | 71 (8.0) | 30 (10.5) | |||
| ≧2 | 15 (1.5) | 12 (1.5) | 3 (1.4) | 11.0 (1.5) | 4 (2.0) | 9 (1.5) | 6 (1.5) | |||
Data are presented as mean ± standard error or number of subjects and percentage (%). *Smokers were defined as ex-smokers or current. **Exercise was defined as engaging in moderate or vigorous exercise regularly (at least three times per week, 20 min each time). *** Alcohol drinking was defined as the intake of alcohol more than once every month in the last year.
BMI, body mass index; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TB, tuberculosis.