Table 4.

Multivariate Linear Regressions: Associations of Perceived Roles in Decision-Making With Quality of Life and Perceived Quality of Care, N = 1506 ^a

	Emotional Well-Bring	Social Well-Being	Spiritual Well-Being	Quality of Physician Communication	Quality of Coordination of Care
Role in decision-making (Reference: No patient involvement)
Physician/Family led
Beta	−0.28	0.16	1.33	1.52	6.53**
P value	0.604	0.747	0.104	0.627	0.031
Joint decision
Beta	−0.63	2.49***	2.64***	9.73***	13.96***
P value	0.105	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Patient led
Beta	0.21	0.89**	2.71***	−0.98	5.14**
P value	0.647	0.033	<0.001	0.715	0.049
Patient only
Beta	−1.43***	−2.39***	−2.98***	−2.36	−0.21
P value	0.007	<0.001	<0.001	0.444	0.945
Critical significance level after using Bonferroni method					0.002
Breusch-Pagan test of residuals					<0.001
Joint test of significance for decision-making					<0.001

^aThese models are controlled for gender, marital status, age, education, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, awareness of advanced stage of cancer, and country of recruitment.

^***P < 0.01. **P < 0.05. *P < 0.1.