Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of COVID-19 transplant patients including the association between the living and deceased groups (N = 245)
| Variable | Total (%); n = 245 | Mortality (%) | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive; n = 225 | Death; n = 20 | |||
| Age group | ||||
| < 40 | 109 (44) | 97 (43) | 12 (60) | 0.97 |
| 40–60 | 87 (36) | 84 (37) | 3 (15) | |
| > 60 | 49 (20) | 44 (20) | 5 (25) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 128 (52) | 120 (53) | 8 (40) | 0.70 |
| Female | 117 (48) | 105 (47) | 12 (60) | |
| Comorbid diseases | ||||
| Hypertension | 97 (40) | 92 (41) | 9 (45) | 0.17 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 (10) | 18 (8) | 7 (35) | < 0.01 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 67 (27) | 60 (27) | 7 (35) | 0.01 |
| Encephalopathy | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Ascites | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Asthma | 0 (0) | – | – | – |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 (0) | – | – | – |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Dyspnea | 191 (78) | 181 (80) | 10 (50) | 0.19 |
| Fever | 166 (68) | 160 (71) | 6 (30) | 1.00 |
| Malaise | 107 (44) | 99 (44) | 8 (40) | 1.00 |
| Cough | 91 (37) | 90 (40) | 1 (5) | 0.27 |
| Vomiting | 145 (59) | 141 (63) | 4 (20) | 0.68 |
| Headache | 88 (36) | 88 (39) | 0 (0) | 0.34 |
| Diarrhea | 190 (78) | 187 (83) | 3 (15) | 1.00 |
| Chest pain | 36 (15) | 30 (13) | 6 (30) | 1.00 |
| Rhinorrhea | 14 (6) | 14 (6) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Pharyngitis | 0 (0) | – | – | – |
| Severity | ||||
| Moderate | 178 (71.4) | 174 | 4 | |
| Severe | 28 (11.4) | 21 | 7 | 0.039 |
| Critical | 39 (15.9) | 30 | 9 | |
| Transplantation status | ||||
| Kidney transplant | 143 (58) | 134 (60) | 9 (45) | 0.44 |
| Liver transplant | 95 (39) | 84 (37) | 11 (55) | |
| Simultaneous pancreas-kidney | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Isolated bowel transplant | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Multivisceral transplant | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Time after transplant (months) | ||||
| 1–3 | 69 (28) | 63 (28) | 6 (30) | 0.021 |
| 3–6 | 111 (45) | 110 (49) | 1 (5) | |
| 6–12 | 35 (14) | 32 (14) | 3 (15) | |
| > 12 | 30 (12) | 20 (9) | 10 (50) | |
| Rejection | ||||
| During hospitalization after COVID-19 | 22 (9) | 20 (9) | 2 (10) | 0.22 |
| O2 therapy | ||||
| Nasal cannula | 79 (32) | 70 (31) | 9 (45) | < 0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 59 (24) | 48 (21) | 11 (55) | |
| None | 107 (44) | 107 (48) | 0 (0) | |
| Immunosuppressive medication | ||||
| Regimens | 0.29 | |||
| Calcineurin inhibitors + Mycophenolate Mofetil | 70 (29) | 61 (27) | 9 (45) | |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil + Prednisolone | 29 (12) | 25 (11) | 4 (20) | |
| Calcineurin inhibitors + Prednisolone | 142 (58) | 136 (60) | 6 (30) | |
| mTOR inhibitors | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (5) | |
| Changes | 0.17 | |||
| No Change | 101 (41) | 99 (44) | 2 (10) | |
| Decreasing the dose of Calcineurin inhibitors and Discontinue antimetabolite | 90 (37) | 88 (39) | 2 (10) | |
| Discontinue all immunosuppressive | 51 (21) | 35 (16) | 16 (80) | |
| Discontinue mTOR inhibitors | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Treatment | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 79 (32) | 67 (30) | 12 (60) | 0.33 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 90 (37) | 71 (32) | 19 (95) | < 0.01 |
| Corticosteroid | 136 (56) | 125 (56) | 11 (55) | 0.06 |
| Methylprednisolone | 64 (26) | 61 (27) | 3 (15) | 0.06 |
| Dexamethasone | 72 (29) | 64 (28) | 8 (40) | 0.66 |
| Interferon | 55 (22) | 46 (20) | 9 (45) | 0.34 |
| Remdesivir | 102 (42) | 92 (41) | 10 (50) | 0.02 |
| Tocilizumab | 60 (24) | 53 (24) | 7 (35) | 0.70 |
*Chi-square and Fisher exact tests