TABLE 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics in 1839 patients with prostate cancer.
| Characteristics | Frequency distribution, n (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall (N = 1839) |
Malay (n = 704) |
Chinese (n = 831) |
Indian (n = 124) |
Iban – Bidayuh (n = 67) |
Kadazan‐Dusun (n = 38) |
Others (n = 75) |
|
| Age at diagnosis, years (median, IQR) | 70 (65–75) | 69 (64–74) | 71 (66–75) | 68.5 (64–79.5) | 72 (68–75) | 70.5 (63.25–75.25) | 70 (64–76) |
| Family history of prostate cancer | |||||||
| Absent | 660 (95.9) | 204 (97.1) | 314 (94.3) | 56 (94.9) | 41 (100) | 19 (100) | 26 (100) |
| Present | 28 (4.1) | 6 (2.9) | 19 (5.7) | 3 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Unknown | 1151 | 494 | 498 | 65 | 26 | 19 | 49 |
| Comorbidity count | |||||||
| 0 | 457 (24.9) | 176 (25.0) | 227 (27.3) | 21 (16.9) | 13 (19.4) | 5 (13.2) | 15 (20.0) |
| 1 | 412 (22.4) | 149 (21.2) | 186 (22.4) | 27 (21.8) | 20 (29.9) | 13 (34.2) | 17 (22.7) |
| 2 | 454 (24.7) | 175 (24.9) | 201 (24.2) | 32 (25.8) | 20 (29.9) | 11 (28.9) | 15 (20.0) |
| ≥3 | 516 (28.1) | 204 (29.0) | 217 (26.1) | 44 (35.5) | 14 (20.9) | 9 (23.7) | 28 (37.3) |
| History of LUTS | |||||||
| Absent | 1314 (71.5) | 476 (67.6) | 620 (74.6) | 85 (68.5) | 56 (83.6) | 24 (63.2) | 53 (70.7) |
| Present | 525 (28.5) | 228 (32.4) | 211 (25.4) | 39 (31.5) | 11 (16.4) | 14 (36.8) | 22 (29.3) |
| ECOG performance status at baseline | |||||||
| 0 | 456 (55.1) | 122 (49.4) | 262 (62.2) | 33 (64.7) | 27 (57.4) | 4 (20.0) | 8 (19.0) |
| 1 | 218 (26.3) | 69 (27.9) | 96 (22.8) | 9 (17.6) | 16 (34.0) | 12 (60.0) | 16 (38.1 |
| 2 | 93 (11.2) | 31 (12.6) | 39 (9.3) | 6 (11.8) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (5.0) | 15 (35.7) |
| 3–4 | 61 (7.4) | 25 (10.1) | 24 (5.7) | 3 (5.9) | 3 (6.4) | 3 (15.0) | 3 (7.1) |
| Unknown | 1011 | 457 | 410 | 73 | 20 | 18 | 33 |
| PSA at diagnosis (ng/ml) | |||||||
| ≤10 | 265 (14.6) | 69 (10.0) | 157 (19.1) | 33 (26.6) | 4 (6.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.7) |
| 10.01–20.00 | 300 (16.5) | 92 (13.3) | 174 (21.2) | 18 (14.5) | 7 (10.4) | 6 (15.8) | 3 (4.0) |
| 20.01–50.00 | 310 (17.1) | 109 (15.8) | 148 (18.0) | 24 (19.4) | 15 (22.4) | 5 (13.2) | 9 (12.0) |
| >50 | 940 (51.8) | 420 (60.9) | 342 (41.7) | 49 (39.5) | 41 (61.2) | 27 (71.1) | 61 (81.3) |
| Unknown | 24 | 14 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gleason score | |||||||
| ≤6 | 254 (14.6) | 89 (13.2) | 126 (15.9) | 24 (21.1) | 9 (15.5) | 2 (5.7) | 4 (5.6) |
| 7 | 534 (30.6) | 181 (26.9) | 262 (33.1) | 37 (32.5) | 23 (39.7) | 10 (28.6) | 21 (29.2) |
| ≥8 | 956 (54.8) | 404 (59.9) | 403 (50.9) | 53 (46.5) | 26 (44.8) | 23 (65.7) | 47 (65.3) |
| Unknown | 95 | 30 | 40 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 3 |
| Presence of metastases (M1) | |||||||
| No | 763 (46.1) | 254 (40.6) | 410 (54.6) | 60 (54.1) | 21 (34.4) | 4 (10.8) | 14 (20.3) |
| Yes | 892 (53.9) | 372 (59.4) | 341 (45.4) | 51 (45.9) | 40 (65.6) | 33 (89.2) | 55 (79.7) |
| Unknown | 184 | 78 | 80 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| UICC staging system | |||||||
| Stage I | 169 (9.5) | 62 (9.0) | 89 (11.0) | 12 (9.9) | 4 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.8) |
| Stage II | 326 (18.2) | 109 (15.8) | 169 (20.9) | 27 (22.3) | 9 (14.5) | 2 (5.3) | 10 (14.1) |
| Stage III | 254 (14.2) | 87 (12.6) | 144 (17.8) | 13 (10.7) | 5 (8.1) | 3 (7.9) | 2 (2.8) |
| Stage IV | 1039 (58.1) | 430 (62.5) | 406 (50.2) | 69 (57.0) | 44 (71.0) | 33 (86.8) | 57 (80.3) |
| Unknown | 51 | 16 | 23 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 4 |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||||
| 2016 | 560 (30.4) | 224 (31.8) | 240 (28.9) | 47 (37.9) | 22 (32.8) | 9 (23.7) | 18 (24.0) |
| 2017 | 601 (32.7) | 214 (30.4) | 295 (35.5) | 37 (29.8) | 23 (34.3) | 9 (23.7) | 23 (30.7) |
| 2018 | 678 (36.9) | 266 (37.8) | 296 (35.6) | 40 (32.3) | 22 (32.8) | 20 (52.6) | 34 (45.3) |
Abbreviations: ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; IQR, interquartile range; LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms; PSA, prostate‐specific antigen; UICC, Union for International Cancer Control.