Summary of findings 5. Safety: short‐term side effects (local or systemic reactions).
| Safety: short‐term side effects (local or systemic reactions) | |||||
| Patient or population: children 9 months to 15 years old Setting: general population Intervention: MMR vaccine Comparison: unvaccinated | |||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | |
| Short‐term side effects amongst unvaccinated | Short‐term side effects amongst vaccinated | ||||
| Temperature ‐ RCT/CCT axillary | Study population | RR 2.04 (1.09 to 3.83) | 420 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 1 | |
| 68 per 1000 | 139 per 1000 (74 to 261) | ||||
| Temperature ‐ RCT/CCT rectal | Study population | RR 0.84 (0.67 to 1.06) | 170 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 1 | |
| 786 per 1000 | 660 per 1000 (526 to 833) | ||||
| Temperature ‐ RCT/CCT measurement site not reported | Study population | RR 1.36 (0.83 to 2.23) | 520 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH | |
| 182 per 1000 | 247 per 1000 (151 to 405) | ||||
| Temperature ‐ cohort studies orally | Study population | RR 1.37 (1.04 to 1.81) | 334 (1 observational study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW 2 | |
| 377 per 1000 | 517 per 1000 (392 to 683) | ||||
| Temperature ‐ cohort studies measurement site not reported | Study population | RR 1.12 (0.84 to 1.49) | 457,123 (4 observational studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW 2 | |
| 31 per 1000 | 35 per 1000 (26 to 46) | ||||
| Rash ‐ cohort studies | Study population | RR 1.49 (0.73 to 3.04) | 457,261 (3 observational studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW 2 | |
| 4 per 1000 | 6 per 1000 (3 to 13) | ||||
| Lymphadenopathy ‐ RCT/CCT | Study population | RR 1.32 (0.52 to 3.33) | 1156 (3 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ MODERATE 2 | |
| 21 per 1000 | 28 per 1000 (11 to 70) | ||||
| Lymphadenopathy ‐ cohort studies | Study population | RR 1.98 (0.19 to 20.97) | 454,085 (2 observational studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW 2 | |
| 0 per 1000 | 1 per 1000 (0 to 6) | ||||
| Coryza ‐ RCT/CCT | Study population | RR 0.45 (0.12 to 1.63) | 831 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ MODERATE 1 | |
| 37 per 1000 | 17 per 1000 (4 to 60) | ||||
| Coryza ‐ cohort studies | Study population | RR 1.13 (1.05 to 1.20) | 3176 (1 observational study) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW | |
| 502 per 1000 | 567 per 1000 (527 to 602) | ||||
| URTI (rhinitis pharyngitis) ‐ RCT/CCT | Study population | RR 0.31 (0.06 to 1.56) | 831 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 1 | |
| 265 per 1000 | 82 per 1000 (16 to 414) | ||||
| URTI (rhinitis pharyngitis) ‐ cohort studies | Study population | RR 1.44 (1.26 to 1.64) | 966 (1 observational study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW 2 | |
| 484 per 1000 | 697 per 1000 (610 to 794) | ||||
| Cough ‐ RCT/CCT | Study population | RR 1.99 (0.45 to 8.81) | 831 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 1, 2 | |
| 8 per 1000 | 16 per 1000 (4 to 72) | ||||
| Rash ‐ RCT/CCT | Study population | RR 2.05 (1.21 to 3.48) | 1156 (4 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH | |
| 52 per 1000 | 107 per 1000 (63 to 182) | ||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; CCT: controlled clinical trial; MMR: measles, mumps, rubella vaccine; RCT: randomised controlled trial; RR: risk ratio; URTI: upper respiratory tract infection | |||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | |||||
1Downgraded two levels due to selective reporting (reporting bias). 2Downgraded one level due to low comparability amongst groups.