| Safety: bacterial or viral infections, immune overload |
|
Patient or population: children 9 months to 15 years old
Setting: general population
Intervention: MMR vaccine
Comparison: unvaccinated |
| Outcomes |
Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) |
Relative effect
(95% CI) |
№ of participants
(studies) |
Certainty of the evidence
(GRADE) |
| Risk of bacterial or viral infections, immune overload amongst
unvaccinated |
Risk of bacterial or viral infections, immune overload amongst
vaccinated |
| Self‐controlled case series ‐ lobar pneumonia ‐ lobar pneumonia risk period (0 to 90 days) |
Study population |
Rate ratio 0.75
(0.64 to 0.89) |
2412
(2 observational studies) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW |
| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000
(0 to 0) |
| Self‐controlled case series ‐ invasive bacterial infections ‐ invasive bacterial infections risk period (0 to 90 days) |
Study population |
Rate ratio 0.90
(0.71 to 1.13) |
2412
(2 observational studies) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW |
| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000
(0 to 0) |
| Self‐controlled case series ‐ encephalitis meningitis ‐ encephalitis meningitis risk period (0 to 90 days) |
Study population |
Rate ratio 0.84
(0.20 to 3.51) |
2025
(1 observational study) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW |
| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000
(0 to 0) |
| Self‐controlled case series ‐ herpes ‐ herpes risk period (0 to 90 days) |
Study population |
Rate ratio 1.17
(0.56 to 2.46) |
2025
(1 observational study) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW |
| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000
(0 to 0) |
| Self‐controlled case series ‐ pneumonia ‐ pneumonia risk period (0 to 90 days) |
Study population |
Rate ratio 0.72
(0.32 to 1.60) |
2025
(1 observational study) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW |
| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000
(0 to 0) |
| Self‐controlled case series ‐ varicella zoster ‐ varicella zoster risk period (0 to 90 days) |
Study population |
Rate ratio 0.93
(0.68 to 1.27) |
2025
(1 observational study) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW |
| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000
(0 to 0) |
| Self‐controlled case series ‐ miscellaneous viral infections ‐ miscellaneous viral infections risk period (0 to 90 days) |
Study population |
Rate ratio 0.68
(0.43 to 1.08) |
2025
(1 observational study) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW |
| 0 per 1000 |
0 per 1000
(0 to 0) |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
CI: confidence interval; MMR: measles, mumps, rubella vaccine |
|
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect.
Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different.
Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.
Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. |
