Comparison 5. Safety: short‐term side effects (local or systemic reactions).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
5.1 Temperature	7		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1.1 RCT/CCT axillary	1	420	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	2.04 [1.09, 3.83]
5.1.2 RCT/CCT rectal	1	170	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.67, 1.06]
5.1.3 RCT/CCT measurement site not reported	2	520	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.36 [0.83, 2.23]
5.1.4 Cohort studies orally	1	334	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.37 [1.04, 1.81]
5.1.5 Cohort studies measurement site not reported	4	457123	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.84, 1.49]
5.2 Rash	6		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.2.1 RCT/CCT	3	1156	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	2.05 [1.21, 3.48]
5.2.2 Cohort studies	3	457261	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.49 [0.73, 3.04]
5.3 Lymphadenopathy	5		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.3.1 RCT/CCT	3	1156	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.32 [0.52, 3.33]
5.3.2 Cohort studies	2	454085	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.98 [0.19, 20.97]
5.4 Coryza	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.4.1 RCT/CCT	2	831	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.45 [0.12, 1.63]
5.4.2 Cohort studies	1	3176	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.13 [1.05, 1.20]
5.5 URTI (rhinitis, pharyngitis)	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.5.1 RCT/CCT	2	831	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.31 [0.06, 1.56]
5.5.2 Cohort studies	1	966	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.44 [1.26, 1.64]
5.6 Cough	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.6.1 RCT/CCT	2	831	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.99 [0.45, 8.81]