Table 1.
Average level of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), symptoms of depression, and academic problems by sex and parental educational attainment
| Variable/level | N | % | ADHD | Depression | Academic problems | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Boys | 17,830 | 51.0 | 51.7 | 10.7 | 50.2 | 10.2 | 50.4 | 10.2 |
| Girls | 17,128 | 49.0 | 48.2 | 8.8 | 49.8 | 9.8 | 49.6 | 9.8 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| 1. Lower secondary school (9 years) | 423 | 1.3 | 54.1 | 12.7 | 54.1 | 13.7 | 52.8 | 12.4 |
| 2. Upper secondary, basic (10.5 years) | 1,017 | 3.1 | 51.8 | 11.3 | 51.6 | 12.1 | 51.9 | 11.0 |
| 3. Vocational (11 years) | 3,426 | 10.3 | 51.6 | 11.4 | 51.0 | 10.9 | 52.2 | 11.6 |
| 4. Upper secondary, completed (12 years) | 4,042 | 12.2 | 50.8 | 10.8 | 50.8 | 10.8 | 51.0 | 10.6 |
| 5. University, short (15 years) | 15,080 | 45.5 | 49.3 | 9.4 | 49.5 | 9.4 | 49.7 | 9.6 |
| 6. University, long (17 years) | 9,123 | 27.6 | 49.6 | 9.4 | 49.5 | 9.4 | 48.9 | 9.2 |
| Paternal education | ||||||||
| 1. Lower secondary school (9 years) | 1,014 | 3.1 | 52.7 | 12.4 | 52.3 | 11.9 | 52.5 | 12.1 |
| 2. Upper secondary, basic (10.5 years) | 1,749 | 5.4 | 51.6 | 11.5 | 51.3 | 11.4 | 51.6 | 11.2 |
| 3. Vocational (11 years) | 7,757 | 23.9 | 50.7 | 10.8 | 50.6 | 10.6 | 51.4 | 10.9 |
| 4. Upper secondary, completed (12 years) | 3,800 | 11.7 | 50.0 | 9.8 | 50.1 | 10.0 | 49.7 | 9.7 |
| 5. University, short (15 years) | 9,382 | 28.9 | 49.4 | 9.3 | 49.5 | 9.5 | 49.5 | 9.4 |
| 6. University, long (17 years) | 8,716 | 26.9 | 49.3 | 9.2 | 49.3 | 9.3 | 48.7 | 9.0 |
N, number of observations; SD, standard deviation. All outcomes are T‐scaled with a mean of 50 and standard deviation (SD) of 10. Numbers in parenthesis correspond to the typical total length of education.