Fig. 2.

Strategies for artificial scaffolds for cell enhancement. Engineered biomaterials based on their biochemical and biophysical microenvironment, for example, the characteristics of biophysical cues of surface topography, material shape and size, and mechanical forces, as well as biochemical cues to conjugate growth factors, controlling to release specific small molecules and tissue-derived ECM scaffold, were extensively applied in stem cell-based therapy to improve cell maintenance in vitro and in vivo. Strategies designed to regulate cell behavior play an important role in enhancing therapeutic effects after transplantation in vivo