Table 6.
Cytokines
| Bilberry/red grape juice (n = 29) | Placebo-juice (n = 27) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post-intervention | Baseline | Post-intervention | pMW(Change) | |||||
| Growth factors (pg/ml) | |||||||||
| EGF | 40.5 | (5.4–116.8) | 23.6 | (3.6–104.6) | 10.6 | (0.6–59.1) | 8.5 | (0.6–61.1) | 0.02* |
| FGF2 | 29.7 | (19.9–83.2) | 33.0 | (20.0–68.0) | 21.3 | (15.6–26.0) | 20.1 | (4.8–27.7) | 0.26 |
| GM-CSF | 128.1 | (40.6–706.3) | 120.2 | (44.1–268.4) | 71.1 | (32.9–129.7) | 44.5 | (22.3–118.3) | 0.66 |
| VEGF | 92.4 | (20.6–288.8) | 124.6 | (3.0–212.6) | 114.5 | (3.0–289.7) | 93.3 | (3.2–299.1) | 0.02* |
| Chemokines (pg/ml) | |||||||||
| Eotaxin | 902.6 | (508.4–1999) | 958.5 | (466.9–2524) | 656.7 | (602.7–1025) | 703.8 | (541.7–1028) | 0.29 |
| Fractalkine | 66.6 | (3.6–405.7) | 66.6 | (3.6–405.7) | 29.0 | (3.6–344.2) | 29.0 | (3.6–344.2) | 0.30 |
| IL8 | 11.3 | (6.6–28.2) | 13.0 | (8.1–24.3) | 8.7 | (6.5–13.7) | 9.5 | (7.8–16.9) | 0.09 |
| CD40ligand | 488.5 | (417.0–754.6) | 513.3 | (347.9–608.9) | 508.1 | (350.8–641.2) | 491.4 | (461.5–718.5) | 0.09 |
| IP10 | 1233 | (1030–1848) | 1118 | (974–1442) | 989 | (833–1346) | 1080 | (997–1397) | 0.13 |
| MCP | 409.2 | (378.6–454.6) | 398.4 | (385.9–422.6) | 415.4 | (396.6–515.6) | 450.8 | (401.3–523.0) | 0.55 |
| MIP1b | 110.6 | (99.5–306.4) | 131.1 | (61.7–343.2) | 72.1 | (52.6–142.9) | 93.7 | (50.0–137.7) | 0.02* |
| Interleukins (pg/ml) | |||||||||
| IL4 | 0.6 | [0.6, 317.2] | 0.6 | [0.6, 353.5] | 0.6 | [0.6, 620.8] | 0.6 | [0.6, 210.3] | 0.76 |
| IL6 | 38.1 | (4.0–164.2) | 24.2 | (5.4–170.4) | 17.1 | (5.2–44.6) | 17.6 | (4.0–49.9) | 0.04* |
| IL7 | 3.7 | (3.7–35.7) | 3.7 | (3.7–25.9) | 0.6 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.6 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.17 |
| IL9 | 1.2 | (0.6–7.7) | 0.6 | (0.6–9.7) | 0.6 | (0.6–4.8) | 0.6 | (0.6–5.5) | 0.05* |
| IL10 | 1.1 | (0.7–4.9) | 0.7 | (0.7–1.9) | 0.7 | (0.7–3.3) | 0.8 | (0.7–3.1) | 0.05* |
| IL12 | 13.6 | (0.6–80.2) | 7.4 | (0.6–59.7) | 1.9 | (0.6–15.1) | 1.8 | (0.6–17.7) | 0.15 |
| IL13 | 2.4 | (0.6–25.2) | 0.6 | (0.6–39.3) | 0.6 | (0.6–9.9) | 0.6 | (0.6–5.5) | 0.30 |
| IL17 | 11.2 | (4.7–45.7) | 13.5 | (4.5–39.6) | 10.8 | (1.5–29.9) | 11.7 | (1.6–23.2) | 0.17 |
| TNF α | 8.2 | (5.1–24.8) | 7.5 | (6.1–24.8) | 6.0 | (5.0–9.0) | 6.8 | (4.5–9.4) | 0.04* |
| IFN γ | 17.6 | (5.7–134.7) | 15.7 | (6.4–103.6) | 9.0 | (2.0–17.9) | 9.7 | (2.3–15.6) | 0.06 |
Data is presented as median for baseline and post intervention with the corresponding 95%CL (lower, upper) or [min, max]. P values are given for the comparison of changes between the groups (Mann Whitney test). EGF epidermal growth factor, FGF fibroblast growth factor, GM-CSF Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor, IP immunoprotein, MCP monocyte chemotactic protein, MIP Macrophage Inflammatory Protein, IL interleukin, TNF tumor necrosis factor, IFN Interferon. *p ≤ 0.05