Table 2.
Patterns of resistance to first and second line antituberculosis drug in Western Kenya
| Item | HIV negative TB patients (N = 286) | HIV positive TB patients (N = 267) | Total (N = 553) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | % | 95% CI | No | % | 95% CI | No | % | 95% CI | ||
| No. sensitive to all | 164 | 57.3 | 51.7–63.3 | 125 | 46.8 | 40.4–53.9 | 286 | 51.7 | 47.7–56.1 | |
| Drug resistant strains | 122 | 42.7 | 36.7–48.3 | 142 | 53.2 | 46.1–59.6 | 267 | 48.3 | 43.9–52.3 | |
| Any resistance | ||||||||||
| Isoniazid (H) | 81 | 28.5 | 23–34 | 63 | 23.6 | 18.4–29.2 | 144 | 26 | 22.6–29.5 | |
| Rifampicin (R) | 47 | 16.4 | 12–20.7 | 39 | 14.6 | 10.1–19.1 | 86 | 15.6 | 12.6–19 | |
| Ethambutol (E) | 13 | 4.5 | 2.1–7.0 | 15 | 5.6 | 3.0–8.7 | 28 | 5.1 | 3.3–6.7 | |
| Streptomycin (S) | 12 | 4.2 | 2.1–6.6 | 6 | 2.2 | 0.7–4.1 | 18 | 3.3 | 2.0–4.9 | |
| Pyrazinamide | 5 | 1.7 | 0.3–3.5 | 7 | 2.6 | 0.7–4.5 | 12 | 2.2 | 1.1–3.5 | |
| Ethionamide | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–1.4 | 0 | 0 | – | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.5 | |
| Gatifloxacin | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–1.0 | 0 | 0 | – | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.5 | |
| Amikacin | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–1.0 | 0 | 0 | – | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.5 | |
| Capreomycin | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–1.0 | 0 | 0 | – | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.5 | |
| Mono-resistant TB | ||||||||||
| Isoniazid (H) | 52 | 18.2 | 14.3–22.7 | 34 | 12.7 | 6–12.4 | 86 | 15.6 | 12.7–18.7 | |
| Rifampicin (R) | 27 | 9.4 | 5.6–12.9 | 24 | 9.0 | 9–16.5 | 51 | 9.2 | 6.9–11.8 | |
| Ethambutol (E) | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.4 | 7 | 2.6 | 0.4–4.9 | 10 | 1.8 | 0.7–2.9 | |
| Streptomycin (S) | 9 | 3.1 | 1.4–5.3 | 5 | 1.9 | 0.4–3.7 | 14 | 2.5 | 1.4–4.0 | |
| Pyrazinamide | 9 | 3.1 | 1.0–5.6 | 5 | 1.9 | 0.4–3.7 | 14 | 2.5 | 1.3–4.0 | |
| Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) | ||||||||||
| H + R | 16 | 5.6 | 3.1–8.1 | 17 | 6.4 | 3.4–9.7 | 33 | 6 | 4.2–8.1 | |
| H + R + E | 12 | 4.2 | 2.1–6.6 | 13 | 4.9 | 2.2–7.5 | 25 | 4.5 | 2.9–6.5 | |
| H + R + S | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.1 | 0 | 0 | – | 3 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.3 | |
| H + R + E + S | 0 | – | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.9 | 2 | 0.4 | 0.0–0.9 | ||
| Polyresistance | ||||||||||
| R + PZA | 3 | 1 | 0.0–2.1 | 3 | 1.1 | 0.0–2.6 | 6 | 1.1 | 0.4–2.0 | |
| R + Amk | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.7 | – | – | – | 2 | 0.4 | 0.0–0.9 | |
| H + PZA | 3 | 1 | 0.0–2.4 | – | – | – | 3 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.3 | |
| H + Gfx | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.7 | 3 | 1.1 | 0.0–2.6 | 5 | 0.9 | 0.0–1.3 | |
| H + Eto | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.0–1.5 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.1 | |
| STY + Eto | 1 | 1 | 0.0–1.4 | – | – | – | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | |
| ETH + Eto | 3 | 1 | 0.0–2.4 | – | – | – | 3 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.3 | |
| ETH + PZA | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.7 | – | – | – | 2 | 0.4 | 0.0–0.9 | |
| H + Kn | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.0–1.1 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.3 | |
| H + Cm | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–1.0 | – | – | – | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | |
| H + Amk | – | – | – | 3 | 1.1 | 0.0–2.6 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.3 | |