Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants.
| HIV Positive | HIV negative | Total | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, N (%) | 78 (74.3%) | 27 (25.7%) | 105 | – |
| Participant visits, N (%) | 155 (79.9%) | 39 (20.1%) | 194 | – |
| Age (years)**, median (IQR) | 48.0 (44.0–52.0) | 51.0 (43.0–57.0) | 49.0 (44.0–54.0) | 0.1321 |
| Race/Ethnicity*, n (%) | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 7 (9.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 8 (7.6%) | 0.0051 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 66 (84.6%) | 22 (81.5%) | 88 (83.8%) | |
| Hispanic | 4 (5.1%) | 2 (7.4%) | 6 (5.7%) | |
| Other | 1 (1.3%) | 2 (7.4%) | 3 (2.9%) | |
| BMI**, median (IQR) kg/m2 | 28.5 (24.4–32.8) | 33.5 (30.6–41.6) | 29.4 (25.6–33.9) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes**, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 14 (9.0%) | 7 (18.0%) | 21 (10.8%) | |
| No | 141 (91.0%) | 32 (82.1%) | 173 (89.2%) | |
| Alcohol Use**, n(%) | ||||
| None | 72 (45.5%) | 9 (23.1%) | 81 (41.8%) | 0.0064 |
| Light/Moderate | 68 (43.9%) | 20 (51.3%) | 88 (45.4%) | |
| Moderate/Heavy | 5 (3.2%) | 2 (5.1%) | 7 (3.6%) | |
| Heavy | 10 (6.5%) | 7 (18.0%) | 17 (8.8%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Viral Load Detection**, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 39 (25.2%) | – | 39 (25.2%) | – |
| No | 116 (74.8%) | – | 116 (74.8%) | |
| CD4 + T-cell Count**, n (%) | ||||
| Greater than 350 cell/ul | 136 (87.7%) | – | 136 (87.7%) | – |
| Less than or equal to 350 cell/ul | 19 (12.3%) | – | 19 (12.3%) | |
| Use of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors**, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 133 (85.8%) | – | 133 (85.8%) | – |
| No | 22 (14.2%) | – | 22 (14.2%) | |
| Use of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors**, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 59 (38.1%) | – | 59 (38.1%) | – |
| No | 96 (61.9%) | – | 96 (61.9%) | |
| Use of Protease inhibitor**, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 47 (30.3%) | – | 47 (30.3%) | – |
| No | 108 (69.7%) | – | 108 (69.7%) | |
| Use of Entry Inhibitors**, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 2 (1.3%) | – | 2 (1.3%) | – |
| No | 153 (98.7%) | – | 153 (98.7%) | |
| Use of Integrase Inhibitors**, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 68 (43.9%) | – | 68 (43.9%) | – |
| No | 87 (56.1%) | – | 87 (56.1%) | |
| Viral Load Trajectory History*, n (%) | ||||
| High Viremia | 0 (0.0%) | – | 0 (0.0%) | – |
| Intermediate Viremia | 9 (11.5%) | – | 9 (11.5%) | |
| Low viremia | 69 (88.5%) | – | 69 (88.5%) | |
| CAP Measurement**, median (IQR) dB/m | 229.0 (205.0–263.0) | 259.0 (218.0–305.0) | 231.0 (206.0–237.0) | 0.0125 |
| Prevalence of Liver Steatosis (≥238 dB/m) **, n(%) | 62 (40.0%) | 23 (59.0%) | 85 (43.8%) | 0.0328 |
IQR - Interquartile Range;
*
By participant;
**
At both time points;
p-values were not generated for HIV-positive specific variables