Table 3.

Structed summary of results.

Author and Year	Aim	Study Design	Sample	Studied Drug	Major Side Effect	Studied Risk	Recommendation
Nichols et al., 2007	Insomnia management strategies description	Narrative review		Cognitive therapy Antihistamines Anti-depressants Bz* AgoBz** Melatonin agonist receptor	Anticholinergic effects in the elderly Sedation Daytime sleepiness Tolerance Dependence	Cardiovascular complications Adverse Breathing Events Delirium Abuse	Cognitive therapy AgoBz**
Hayes et al., 2009	Review of the effects of medication on SD in HF patients	Narrative review		Medications for the management of HF Medication for the management of insomina Cognitive therapy	Tolerance, dependence and rebound insomnia	Daytime sleepiness	AgoBz** have fewer adverse events than Bz*
De Pablos et al., 2009	Description of therapies used in patients >65 with respiratory and cardiac insufficiencies with insomnia and/or anxiety	Narrative review		Bz* AgoBz** Serotonergic Anxiolytics Antihistamines Clomethiazole	Sleepiness, decreased mental acuity and motor skills	Dependence and withdrawal in short lived Bz	Lorazepam, zolpidem, clomethiazole
Ishak et al., 2012	Study of the impact of insomnia on the quality of life	Systematic review	58	Bz* Non-pharmacological treatment	Psychiatric or physical comorbidity. Increased medication or psychosocial problem	Long-term dependence and tolerance. Deteriorating quality of life. Increased morbidity and mortality	AgoBz** to address insomnia.
Garrido et al., 2014	Study of inappropriate use of Bz* in >65	Descriptive	222	Psychotropics Bz*	Dependence, cognitive impairment, ataxia, syncope, falls, delirium and readmission to hospital	Use Bz* and AgoBz**	Reduce Bz* prescription Strict control of Bz* treatment in the long term
Chung et al., 2015	To assess the effects of hypnotics on the risk of adverse events in patients with cardiopulmonary problems	Retrospective analytical case control study	22.684	Bz* and no Bz*	Pneumonia Acute Exacerbation Acute respiratory failure Cardiorespiratory arrest	High risk of adverse respiratory events	Medical management of hypnotic treatment of patients with cardiorespiratory problems
Gatti et al., 2016	To assess the effects of zolpidem in patients with HF and sleep disorder	Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled analysis	15	Zolpidem	No adverse effects	Possible adverse effects	No adverse effects using Zolpidem
Buxo et al. 2018	Prevalence of insomnia in HF patients studied	Descriptive	68				Non-pharmacological measures
Motter et al., 2018	Study of potentially inappropriate drugs in >65	Systematic review	36	Bz*	Cognitive impairment, Respiratory failure	Falls, fractures, delirium	Avoid using Bz*

Bz* = Benzodiazepine; AgoBz** = Bz receptor agonists.