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. 2021 Apr 13;64(5):1605–1620. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00182

Table 2.

Summary of means, variances, standard deviations, skewness, and kurtosis for language proficiency and code-switching scores for participants with developmental language disorder (DLD) and their peers with typical language development (TLD).

Measure LPSp
LPEng
CSWSp
CSPSp
CSSSp
CSWEng
CSPEng
CSSEng
DLD TLD DLD TLD DLD TLD DLD TLD DLD TLD DLD TLD DLD TLD DLD TLD DLD
M 3.7 3.1 3.6 3.17 4.65 12.11 4.38 19.09 0.52 1.58 0.12 0.27 0.44 0.92 0 0.09
Mdn 4 3.1 4 3.13 0.34 3.39 0 5.77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Variance 0.54 0.6 0.52 0.54 314 474.64 132 796.61 5.23 9.67 0.3 1.18 2.62 12.77 0 0.2
SD 0.73 0.77 0.72 0.73 17.75 21.79 11.49 28.22 2.29 3.11 0.55 1.09 1.61 3.57 0 0.44
Skewness −1.7 −0.56 −0.31 0.78 4.96 3.16 3.83 1.68 4.8 2.02 5.39 4.65 4.2 4.64 0 4.9
Kurtosis 4.8 1.52 0.73 2.6 26.2 11.74 14.3 1.8 24 3.01 30.3 22.14 18.8 22.06 0 24

Note. TLD, n = 38; DLD, n = 24. LPSp = Spanish language proficiency; LPEng = English language proficiency; CSWSp = code-switched words / total words × 100 in the Spanish samples; CSPSp = sentences with code-switched parts / total sentences × 100 in the Spanish samples; CSSSp = code-switched sentences / total sentences × 100 in the Spanish samples; CSWEng = code-switched words / total words × 100 in the English samples; CSPEng = sentences with code-switched parts / total sentences × 100 in the English samples; CSSEng = code-switched sentences / total sentences × 100 in English language samples.