Table 2.
Summary of means, variances, standard deviations, skewness, and kurtosis for language proficiency and code-switching scores for participants with developmental language disorder (DLD) and their peers with typical language development (TLD).
Measure | LPSp |
LPEng |
CSWSp |
CSPSp |
CSSSp |
CSWEng |
CSPEng |
CSSEng |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DLD | TLD | DLD | TLD | DLD | TLD | DLD | TLD | DLD | TLD | DLD | TLD | DLD | TLD | DLD | TLD | DLD |
M | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.17 | 4.65 | 12.11 | 4.38 | 19.09 | 0.52 | 1.58 | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.92 | 0 | 0.09 |
Mdn | 4 | 3.1 | 4 | 3.13 | 0.34 | 3.39 | 0 | 5.77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Variance | 0.54 | 0.6 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 314 | 474.64 | 132 | 796.61 | 5.23 | 9.67 | 0.3 | 1.18 | 2.62 | 12.77 | 0 | 0.2 |
SD | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 17.75 | 21.79 | 11.49 | 28.22 | 2.29 | 3.11 | 0.55 | 1.09 | 1.61 | 3.57 | 0 | 0.44 |
Skewness | −1.7 | −0.56 | −0.31 | 0.78 | 4.96 | 3.16 | 3.83 | 1.68 | 4.8 | 2.02 | 5.39 | 4.65 | 4.2 | 4.64 | 0 | 4.9 |
Kurtosis | 4.8 | 1.52 | 0.73 | 2.6 | 26.2 | 11.74 | 14.3 | 1.8 | 24 | 3.01 | 30.3 | 22.14 | 18.8 | 22.06 | 0 | 24 |
Note. TLD, n = 38; DLD, n = 24. LPSp = Spanish language proficiency; LPEng = English language proficiency; CSWSp = code-switched words / total words × 100 in the Spanish samples; CSPSp = sentences with code-switched parts / total sentences × 100 in the Spanish samples; CSSSp = code-switched sentences / total sentences × 100 in the Spanish samples; CSWEng = code-switched words / total words × 100 in the English samples; CSPEng = sentences with code-switched parts / total sentences × 100 in the English samples; CSSEng = code-switched sentences / total sentences × 100 in English language samples.