Table 2.

Correlation statistics between the manual method and the automatic distance metrics for real words (N = 3,540).

Distancemetric	Correct and incorrect spellings		Incorrect spellings
	rs	95% CI	rs	95% CI
SM	.994*	[.99, .99]	.92*	[.91, .92]
RDLD	−.990*	[−.99, −.99]	−.86*	[−.87, −.84]
Norm. RDLD	−.995*	[−.99, −.99]	−.92*	[-.93, −.91]
JaccardD	−.952*	[−.96, −.95]	−.86*	[−.88, −.85]
MasiD	−.950*	[−.95, −.95]	−.83*	[−.84, −.81]

Note. The table provides correlations of the manual approach with the automated distance metrics on all stimuli (Correct and incorrect spellings; N = 3,540) and correlations of the manual approach and the automated distance metrics based only on spellings that were spelled incorrectly (Incorrect spellings; N = 1,327). Shown in the table are the correlation coefficient (r_s ) and the parametric 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the coefficient, while the asterisk signifies that p < .0001. In bold is the distance metric with the highest score overall. SM = sequence matcher ratio; RDLD = Damerau–Levenshtein distance; Norm. RDLD = normalized Damerau–Levenshtein distance; JaccardD = Jaccard distance; MasiD = Masi distance.