Table 2. Battery of oculomotor, cognitive, and reaction time tests.
Tests | Metrics | |
---|---|---|
1 | Saccade—Random, Horizontal (SH): subject follows a dot displayed 15 times at pseudo-randomly distributed times (between 1 to 2 seconds) and pseudo-random displacements on a horizontal plane (-30 to +30 degrees). | a) Latency (s) = time from stimulus presentation until saccade is initiated. Data are presented as an average of all saccade onset latencies. |
b) Accuracy (%) = difference between eye position and stimulus position for the main saccade, expressed in percentage relative to stimulus position. Data are presented as an average of all main saccade accuracies. | ||
c) Final Accuracy (%) = difference between eye position and stimulus position for the final position, including corrective saccades, expressed in percentage relative to stimulus position. Data are presented as an average of all saccade accuracies. | ||
d) Area Under Main Sequence Fit (AUF) (deg2/s). Eye velocity is plotted as a function of saccade displacement and fitted with an exponential function. To evaluate the overall velocity and amplitude relationship, the software computes the area under the curve, out to 30 degrees of eye displacement = AUF. | ||
e) Peak velocity = eye velocity corresponding to each eye displacement in response to a stimulus displacement | ||
2 | Saccade—Random, Vertical (SV): subject follows a dot displayed 15 times at pseudo-randomly distributed times (between 1 to 2 seconds) and pseudo-random displacements on a vertical plane (-20 to +20 degrees). | same metrics as above |
3 | Smooth Pursuit: subject follows a dot as it displaced (moves) sinusoidally horizontally then vertically at different speeds: | a) Velocity Gain = ratio between the slow phase component of eye velocity and pursuit tracker stimuli. Data are averaged for the leftward and rightward moving stimuli. |
Smooth Pursuit—Horizontal 0.1 Hz, 2 cycles | ||
b) Asymmetry = Velocity Gain Asymmetry; represents the difference between gain calculated for leftward and rightward moving stimuli | ||
c) Position Gain = ratio between the slow phase component of eye velocity and pursuit tracker stimuli | ||
d) Saccadic component (%) = percentage of eye movement spent on a saccadic movement versus pursuit movement | ||
Smooth Pursuit—Horizontal 0.75Hz, 6 cycles | Same as above | |
4 | Smooth Pursuit—Vertical 0.1Hz, 2 cycles | Same as test #3 |
Smooth Pursuit—Vertical 0.75Hz, 6 cycles | Same as test #3 | |
5 | Predictive Saccades: Subject is directed to follow a dot as it is displayed. Subject is presented with 6 pseudo-random saccade stimuli followed by 20 mirrored saccade stimuli with a repeated displacement +/-10 degree, horizontal, at a constant time interval of 0.65 seconds. | Percentage predicted (%) = percentage of predicted saccades |
6 | Antisaccades: Subject is required to fixate on a central target for 1.5 to 2.5 seconds, after which a peripheral target is presented. Subject is required to generate an eye movement of the same distance as the target displacement, but in the exact opposite direction. There are 20 anti-saccades with time between saccades randomly selected from 1 to 2 seconds and random displacement between -24 to + 24 degrees. | Error Rate (%) = percentage of prosaccade errors, i.e. where the subject looks toward rather than away from the stimulus |
7 | Visual Reaction Time: 20 light stimuli are presented in the center of the screen, with a random timing. The subject is directed to signal their recognition by pressing a button. | Latency (ms) = time difference from stimulus presentation until button is pressed |
8 | Auditory Reaction Time: 20 sound stimuli are presented with a random timing. The subject is directed to signal their recognition by pressing a button. | Latency (ms) = time difference from stimulus presentation until button is pressed |
9 | Saccade and Reaction Time: 30 visual saccadic stimuli are randomly projected every 1 to 2 seconds with a displacement of -24 to + 24 degrees. The participants are directed to gaze at the saccadic stimulus and then press either the left or right button to record whether the stimulus was projected to the right or to the left. | Saccadic metrics–are same as in test #1. |
a) Latency (s) | ||
b) Accuracy (%) | ||
c) Final Accuracy (%) | ||
Motor reaction time metrics: | ||
d) Latency mean (s)–for Left Button = time difference from stimulus presentation until the left button is pressed | ||
e) Latency mean (s)–for Right Button = time difference from stimulus presentation until the right button is pressed |
Description of each test and metrics measured for that test.