Table 2.
Characteristics of the Included Studies and Intervention Strategies
| Authors | Region/ Setting (Sample Size) | Intervention Strategies | Intervention Delivery and Intensity (Healthcare Professionals) | Comparison | Intervention Duration | Adherence Measure (Data Sources) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education/Counselling | Print Material /Video | Support/Follow-Up | Pill Reminder | Diary | Face-to-Face/Phone Call/Email | Mobile Based (SMS/App/Web) | |||||
| Randomised controlled trials | |||||||||||
| Tan et al (2020)27 | Malaysia/2 hospitals (n = 129) | √ | √ | √ | √ | - | Face-to-face (pharmacist) 1–2 monthly | App daily | Usual care | 6 months | MPR ≥ 90% (dispensing data) |
| Kekale et al (2016)28 | Finland/8 hospitals (n = 86) | √ | √ | - | √ | - | Face-to-face (nurse) at initiation | SMS daily | Usual care | 9 months | Morisky-8 item ≥ 6 (participant interview) |
| Cohort studies | |||||||||||
| Dennison et al (2021)29 | USA/1 medical centre (n = 40) | √ | - | √ | - | - | Face-to-face and phone call (pharmacist) If stable, 3 monthly. If unstable, 2–4 weekly. | - | Pre-treatment counselling, then as needed if referred (pharmacist) | 4 years | Morisky 4-item score=0 (participant self-reporting) |
| Sawicki et al (2019)30 | USA/Claim reimbursement database (n = 558) | √ | - | √ | - | - | - | Two-way SMS (pharmacist) 3 monthly and as needed | One-way SMS (pharmacist) | 1 year | MPR ≥ 85% (claim database) |
| Lam et al (2015)35 | USA/1 hospital (n = 44) | √ | - | √ | - | - | Face-to-face, phone call and email (pharmacist) As needed | - | Historical usual care at another hospital | 5 years | MPR ≥ 90% (dispensing data) |
| Moon et al (2012)32 | Korea/4 hospitals (n = 114) | √ | - | √ | √ | - | Phone call (nurse) Every 2–8 weekly | SMS daily | Usual care | 3 years | The dose taken/dose should be taken (source not specified) |
| Before-and-after comparison studies | |||||||||||
| Santoleri et al (2019)34 | Italy/1 hospital (n = 44) | √ | - | √ | - | √ | Face-to-face (pharmacist) As needed after review diary completed by patients | - | No diary | 4 years | RDD/PDD (dispensing data) |
| Leader et al (2018)33 | Israel/4 hospitals (n = 47) | √ | - | √ | - | - | Face-to-face (clinician, nurse, pharmacist, patient peer) At initiation | - | Usual care | 3 months | Days with dosing taken as prescribed (MEMS) |
| Moulin et al (2017)36 | Brazil/1 hospital (n = 23) | √ | - | √ | - | - | Face-to-face (pharmacist) monthly | - | Usual care | 4 months | Morisky 4-item scale (participant interview) |
Abbreviations: MPR, medication possession ratio; RDD/PDD, received daily dose/prescribed daily dose; MEMS, Medication-event-monitoring system; USA, United States of America; App, application; SMS, short message service; web, website.