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. 2021 Sep 30;51(3):271–281. doi: 10.28920/dhm51.3.271-281

Table 5. Risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A maximum of 4 stars can be given in the Selection and Outcome/exposure domains and a maximum 2 stars can be given in the Comparability domain .

Newcastle Ottawa scale for risk of bias assessment GRADE assessment
Selection Comparability Outcome/exposure Overall quality assessment Certainty of evidence
Gorenstein[30] ⋆⋆⋆⋆ ⋆⋆ ⋆⋆⋆ Good Moderate