Table 1. Baseline characteristics and clinical data.
| Variables | Entire cohort, N = 40, n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age mean (min-max) | 61.2 ± 14.5 (20–88) |
| Gender (male) | 22 (55%) |
| HTN | 24 (60%) |
| DM | 6 (15%) |
| CKD | 6 (15%) |
| CHF | 4 (10%) |
| HLD | 32 (80%) |
| Smoker | 20 (50%) |
| Clinical presentation | |
| SAP | 12 (30%) |
| ACS | 23 (57.5%) |
| Heart failure | 3 (7.5%) |
| Other | 2 (5%) |
| Cardiac stress testing | |
| Myocardial perfusion SPECT | 12 (30%) |
| Abnormal | 7 (17.5) |
| Normal | 5 (20%) |
| Stress echocardiography | 2 (5%) |
| Abnormal | 2 (5%) |
| Treadmill stress test | 1 (2.5%) |
| Abnormal | 1 (2.5%) |
| Etiology of CAF | |
| Congenital | 39 (97.5%) |
| Acquired | 1 (2.5%) |
| Accompanied CHD | |
| None | 37 (92.5%) |
| BAV, myocardial bridge | 1 (2.5%) |
| Interatrial septal aneurysm | 1 (2.5%) |
| Persistent left superior vena cava | 1 (2.5%) |
| Transthoracic Echocardiogram, LVEF (%) | 57.7 ± 10 |
| ECG | |
| Sinus rhythm | 35 (87.5%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 (12.5%) |
Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; CAF, coronary artery fistula; CHD, congenital heart disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus, ECG, electrocardiography; HLD, hyperlipidemia, HTN, hypertension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SAP, stable angina pectoris, SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography.