Table 1.
Sex-Specific Characteristics of Participants (n=411) at Randomization, End of Study, and 5-y Follow-Up (Table view)
| TODAY Randomization (2004–2009) | TODAY End of Study (2010–2011) | TODAY 5-y Follow-Up (2015–2016) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | |
| 266 | 145 | 266 | 145 | 266 | 145 | |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 18.4 | 21.4 | 18.4 | 21.4 | 18.4 | 21.4 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 38.0 | 29.0 | 38.0 | 29.0 | 38.0 | 29.0 |
| Hispanic | 36.1 | 44.8 | 36.1 | 44.8 | 36.1 | 44.8 |
| Other | 7.5 | 4.8 | 7.5 | 4.8 | 7.5 | 4.8 |
| Education, % | ||||||
| Less than high school | ... | ... | ... | ... | 10.9 | 10.3 |
| Completed high school or GED | 75.9 | 75.9 | ||||
| Attended college | 13.2 | 13.8 | ||||
| Total annual income | ||||||
| <$25 000 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 84.4 | 74.4 |
| $25 000–$49 999 | 15.2 | 19.2 | ||||
| ≥$50 000 | 0.5 | 6.4 | ||||
| Age, y | 13.5 (2.0) | 14.4 (1.9) | 18.1 (2.5) | 19.1 (2.3) | 23.0 (2.5) | 24.0 (2.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus duration, y | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.5) | 4.8 (1.5) | 4.9 (1.5) | 9.6 (1.6) | 9.8 (1.5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 34.6 (7.6) | 35.5 (8.3) | 37.0 (8.3) | 36.8 (9.0) | 36.5 (8.3) | 35.7 (8.7) |
| HbA1c, % | 6.0 (0.8) | 5.9 (0.7) | 7.8 (2.5) | 8.3 (3.0) | 9.4 (3.1) | 9.9 (3.2) |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 109.9 (10.0) | 116.6 (10.8) | 113.6 (11.1) | 121.0 (11.3) | 117.6 (11.9) | 125.3 (13.5) |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 65.4 (8.3) | 67.4 (7.7) | 69.1 (9.1) | 71.6 (9.5) | 74.0 (9.7) | 77.3 (11.5) |
| Medication use, % | 4.5 | 6.9 | 22.9 | 33.8 | 27.1 | 42.1 |
| Smoking, % | 3.4 | 2.8 | 12.7 | 22.6 | 24.1 | 24.1 |
| Failed to maintain glycemic control, % | ... | ... | 42.9 | 53.1 | 66.5 | 69.7 |
| Heart rate, bpm | ... | ... | 76.5 (12.5) | 75.4 (12.8) | 75.7 (12.5) | 75.4 (14.2) |
Data are mean (SD) or percentage. Information on education attainment and income was collected from the participants during TODAY follow-up. GED indicates general education diploma; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; and TODAY, Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adolescents and Youth.