Table 5.
Echocardiography Outcomes at 5-y Follow-Up by Sex for Participants and Normal-Weight and Obese Controls (Table view)
| Participants With T2D | Normal-Weight Controls | Obese Controls | Normal-Weight Controls vs T2D* | Obese Controls vs T2D* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | |||
| n | 266 | 145 | 29 | 22 | 147 | 47 | ||
| LV mass/height2.7, g/m2.7 | 37.63 (8.98) | 40.43 (10.31) | 27.43 (5.41) | 33.26 (5.58) | 36.70 (6.46) | 41.36 (7.59) | 0.2917 | 0.0462 |
| LV relative wall thickness | 0.34 (0.05) | 0.35 (0.05) | 0.30 (0.04) | 0.29 (0.04) | 0.30 (0.05) | 0.32 (0.06) | 0.0423 | <0.0001 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 66.99 (5.80) | 64.57 (6.64) | 64.19 (4.06) | 62.68 (5.87) | 65.26 (5.15) | 65.10 (6.48) | 0.0072 | 0.0930 |
| LA internal dimension, cm | 3.63 (0.45) | 3.77 (0.45) | 2.95 (0.38) | 3.48 (0.35) | 3.66 (0.37) | 3.96 (0.35) | 0.0016 | 0.4268 |
| TAPSE, cm | 2.23 (0.33) | 2.27 (0.34) | 2.42 (0.30) | 2.47 (0.26) | 2.44 (0.31) | 2.46 (0.35) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Doppler diastology, cm/s | ||||||||
| Mitral valve lateral Em | 14.44 (3.04) | 14.14 (3.03) | 17.88 (1.89) | 18.55 (3.94) | 16.45 (3.19) | 15.74 (2.27) | 0.0009 | <0.0001 |
| Mitral valve lateral E/Em | 6.65 (1.89) | 6.15 (1.90) | 5.28 (0.71) | 4.53 (1.22) | 5.66 (1.37) | 5.26 (1.31) | 0.2651 | <0.0001 |
| Strain | ||||||||
| Longitudinal 4-chamber strain | −20.27 (3.34) | −18.12 (3.11) | −22.06 (2.66) | −20.33 (2.98) | −20.92 (3.10) | −18.86 (3.07) | 0.7001 | 0.9003 |
| Longitudinal 2-chamber strain | −21.08 (3.80) | −19.16 (3.73) | −24.89 (4.10) | −22.48 (3.55) | −22.32 (3.87) | −20.57 (2.92) | 0.0031 | 0.2753 |
| Circumferential strain | −22.65 (4.40) | −21.31 (4.36) | −24.41 (2.63) | −22.90 (3.94) | −23.71 (4.36) | −22.47 (3.80) | 0.2968 | 0.1359 |
| Radial strain | 36.47 (21.57) | 31.21 (20.79) | 36.76 (23.70) | 30.36 (16.83) | 36.92 (18.36) | 26.20 (22.74) | 0.0349 | 0.1743 |
Data are mean (SD). LA indicates left atrial; LV, left ventricular; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; and TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
*
P values are from separate ANCOVA models adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, and heart rate.