Table.
Patient characteristics and naloxone prescription claims following opioid-related emergency department encounters, with adjusted probability of obtaining prescribed naloxone
| Patient Characteristics | All patients No. (%) N = 21700 |
Naloxone claim within 30 days No. (%) N = 230 |
No naloxone within 30 days No. (%) N = 21470 |
Adjusted Probability, 95% CI |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||||
| 18 – 39 | 5496 (25.3) | 78 (33.9) | 5418 (25.2) | 1.9 (1.3–2.5) | - | |
| 40 – 59 | 6654 (30.7) | 78 (33.9) | 6576 (30.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 0.02 | |
| > 60 | 9550 (44.0) | 74 (32.2) | 9476 (44.1) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | <0.001 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 10561 (48.7) | 121 (52.6) | 10440 (48.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | - | |
| Female | 11139 (51.3) | 109 (47.4) | 11030 (51.4) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.37 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 13780 (63.5) | 150 (65.2) | 13630 (63.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | - | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2759 (12.7) | 26 (11.3) | 2733 (12.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 0.61 | |
| Hispanic | 1795 (8.3) | 17 (7.4) | 1778 (8.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.56 | |
| Asian | 218 (1.0) | 2 (0.9) | 216 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.4) | 0.88 | |
| Unspecified | 3148 (14.5) | 35 (15.2) | 3113 (14.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.32 | |
| Year | ||||||
| 2016 | 7557 (34.8) | 32 (13.9) | 7525 (35.1) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | - | |
| 2017 | 7653 (35.3) | 78 (33.9) | 7575 (35.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | <0.001 | |
| 2018 | 6490 (29.9) | 120 (52) | 6370 (29.7) | 1.9 (1.5–2.2) | <0.001 | |
| Type of insurance | ||||||
| Commercial | 7700 | 88 (38.3) | 7612 (35.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) | - | |
| Medicare Advantage | 14000 | 142 (61.7) | 13858 (64.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.05 | |
| Type of ED Visit | ||||||
| Heroin overdose | 1743 (8.0) | 43 (18.7) | 1700 (7.9) | 2.6 (1.7–3.4) | <0.001 | |
| Other opioid overdose | 8825 (40.7) | 93 (40.4) | 8732 (40.7) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.32 | |
| Opioid withdrawal | 5400 (24.9) | 40 (17.4) | 5360 (25.0) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.21 | |
| Other opioid use disordera | 5732 (26.4) | 54 (23.5) | 5678 (26.5) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | - | |
| Recent prescription opioid analgesic, 30d | ||||||
| No | 10884 (50.2) | 106 (46.1) | 10778 (50.2) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | - | |
| Yes | 10816 (49.8) | 124 (53.9) | 10692 (49.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.001 | |
| Recent buprenorphine, 30d | ||||||
| No | 21009 (96.8) | 216 (93.9) | 20793 (96.9) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | - | |
| Yes | 691 (3.2) | 14 (6.1) | 677 (3.2) | 1.9 (1.0–2.9) | .03 | |
| Recent benzodiazepine, 30d | ||||||
| No | 16524 (76.2) | 170 (73.9) | 16354 (76.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | - | |
| Yes | 5176 (23.9) | 60 (26.1) | 5116 (23.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.58 | |
| Prior claim for naloxone, 1 year | ||||||
| No | 21356 (98.4) | 212 (92.2) | 21144 (98.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | - | |
| Yes | 344 (1.6) | 18 (7.8) | 326 (1.5) | 3.3 (1.8–4.8) | <0.001 | |
a
Includes ICD-10 diagnosis codes for opioid abuse, misuse, and dependence