Table 3.
Most common identified drug–drug interactions
| Drug interaction pair | N (%)* | Potential outcome | Risk rating | Severity rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Furosemide–Insulin | 39 (14.3) | Diminished therapeutic effect of insulin. | C, Monitor therapy | Moderate |
| Amlodipine–Calcium carbonate/vitamin D3 | 32 (11.7) | Diminished therapeutic effect of amlodipine. | C, Monitor therapy | Moderate |
| Linezolid–Insulin | 26 (9.5) | Enhanced hypoglycemic effect of insulin. | C, Monitor therapy | Moderate |
| Amlodipine–Calcium gluconate | 21 (7.7) | Diminished therapeutic effect of amlodipine. | C, Monitor therapy | Moderate |
| Nitroglycerine–Sildenafil | 19 (6.9) | Enhanced vasodilatory effect of nitroglycerine. | X, Avoid combination | Major |
| Metoprolol–Clonidine | 19 (6.9) | Enhanced AV-blocking effect of metoprolol. Enhanced rebound hypertensive effect of clonidine. | D, Consider therapy modification | Moderate |
| Atenolol–Clonidine | 18 (6.6) | Enhanced AV-blocking effect of atenolol. Enhanced rebound hypertensive effect of clonidine. | D, Consider therapy modification | Moderate |
| Salbutamol–Metoprolol | 17 (6.2) | Diminished bronchodilatory effect of salbutamol. | C, Monitor therapy | Moderate |
| Tolvaptan–Sodium chloride (3%) | 16 (5.9) | Enhanced adverse/toxic effect of tolvaptan. | X, Avoid combination | Major |
| Furosemide–Salbutamol | 16 (5.9) | Enhanced hypokalemic effect of furosemide. | C, Monitor therapy | Moderate |
| Levofloxacin–Insulin | 15 (5.5) | Enhanced hypoglycemic effect of insulin or can diminish therapeutic effect of insulin. | C, Monitor therapy | Moderate |
| Digoxin–Amiodarone | 10 (3.7) | Increased serum concentration of digoxin. | D, Consider therapy modification | Major |
| Furosemide–Amikacin | 8 (2.9) | Enhanced adverse/toxic effect of amikacin. | C, Monitor therapy | Moderate |
AV, atrioventricular;
*
The total number of drug interactions (N = 273) was considered for calculating percentages