Table 4.

Apps deemed relatively unsuitable for routine use in ICU

	Name of app	Positive aspects	Drawbacks for routine ICU use
1	CALD Assist	Excellent app for the HCW to communicate with the patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds	Small font size App not designed for patients to initiate the conversation Not ICU specific Inability of patient to request for comfort items Inability of patients to request to see someone (e.g., a family member)
2	ICU Communication App	The app allows for the addition of phrases or words With customization and appropriate training, it may become a powerful learning tool	Available only in English Absence of picture guide Not intuitive for patient use Limited preloaded phrases for comfort items Limited ability to assess pain
3	SmallTalk Intensive Care	Large, easy-to-read text with intuitive pictures specific for ICU patients. With some design improvements, this app may potentially become a useful communication tool	Available only in English All preloaded phrases available only on a single page that needs to be scrolled up-down It may be difficult for ICU patient with limited concentrating ability to find the desired prewritten phrase
4	Talkboard - Communicator		Available only in English and Spanish Limited number of prewritten phrases Difficult to assess pain Limited preloaded phrases for comfort items