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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2021 Sep 28;478:49–64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.016

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

PACAP reduces binge feeding accompanied by decreases in meal size and bout duration. A & B, Pronounced increases in energy expenditure triggered by the binge episode. C-E, The escalation of the daily consumption is significantly dampened by PACAP (30 pmol; VTA; n = 6) as compared to saline-treated controls (n = 6). F, No changes in chow consumption over the remaining 23 hours were observed. G & H, PACAP-induced changes in meal pattern. Symbols represent means and lines 1 SEM. The bars of the box-and-whisker plot represent the median, the 25th and 75th quartiles, whereas the lines depict the 5th and the 95th percentiles. #, p < 0.05 with respect to time (A & B) or day (C), repeated measures ANOVA/LSD; *, p < 0.05; with respect to saline, repeated measures multifactorial ANOVA/LSD (C), Student’s t-test (D, F-H), Mann-Whitney U-test (E).