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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2021 Sep 28;478:49–64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.016

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Optogenetic stimulation of VMN PACAP neurons in PACAP-Cre mice also hyperpolarizes VTA neurons and decreases their firing. A & D, Current clamp trace showing that photo-stimulation produces a reversible hyperpolarization (n = 12). B & D, The hyperpolarization is completely reversed in the presence of tolbutamide (100 μM; n = 6). C PACAP6–38 (200 nM; n = 6) significantly attenuated the hyperpolarization. D, Bar represents means and lines 1SEM of the change in membrane potential (ΔVm mV). *, p < 0.05 relative to PACAP alone, one-way ANOVA/LSD.