Table 2.
Iron groups and risks of clinical outcomes
| Group | Incidence Density (95% CI) |
Demographics Model HR (95% CI) |
Full Model HR (95% CI) |
Full Model + oral iron use HR (95% CI) |
Full Model + CRP HR (95% CI) |
Full Model + Phosphate Binder Use HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause Mortality: 1104 events over median follow-up of 9.5 years | ||||||
| Iron Replete | 3.24 (2.88, 3.64) |
Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Iron Deficiency | 3.65 (3.04, 4.35) |
1.32 (1.07, 1.63) |
1.28 (1.04, 1.58) |
1.28 (1.03, 1.58) |
1.24 (1.00, 1.53) |
1.28 (1.04, 1.59) |
| Mixed Iron Deficiency | 4.89 (3.95, 5.99) |
1.48 (1.17, 1.87) |
1.61 (1.27, 2.04) |
1.61 (1.27, 2.05) |
1.53 (1.20, 1.94) |
1.61 (1.27, 2.04) |
| Functional Iron Deficiency | 4.23 (3.46, 5.13) |
1.19 (0.95, 1.49) |
1.16 (0.92, 1.46) |
1.16 (0.92, 1.46) |
1.02 (0.81, 1.29) |
1.16 (0.93, 1.46) |
| High Iron | 4.30 (3.57, 5.13) |
1.37 (1.11, 1.70) |
1.54 (1.24, 1.91) |
1.55 (1.25, 1.92) |
1.57 (1.27, 1.95) |
1.54 (1.24, 1.91) |
| Heart Failure: 728 events over median follow-up of 8.8 years | ||||||
| Iron Replete | 2.55 (2.20, 2.93) |
Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Iron Deficiency | 3.45 (2.80, 4.20) |
1.49 (1.17, 1.90) |
1.34 (1.05, 1.72) |
1.35 (1.05, 1.72) |
1.34 (1.04, 1.71) |
1.35 (1.05, 1.72) |
| Mixed Iron Deficiency | 3.54 (2.68, 4.58) |
1.28 (0.95, 1.73) |
1.35 (1.00, 1.82) |
1.35 (1.00, 1.82) |
1.33 (0.98, 1.79) |
1.36 (1.01, 1.84) |
| Functional Iron Deficiency | 3.55 (2.77, 4.47) |
1.23 (0.93, 1.61) |
1.18 (0.90, 1.55) |
1.18 (0.90, 1.55) |
1.12 (0.85, 1.47) |
1.19 (0.90, 1.56) |
| High Iron | 3.32 (2.63, 4.12) |
1.34 (1.03, 1.74) |
1.58 (1.21, 2.05) |
1.57 (1.21, 2.05) |
1.59 (1.22, 2.08) |
1.58 (1.21, 2.06) |
| End Stage Renal Disease: 1041 events over median follow-up of 8.8 years | ||||||
| Iron Replete | 3.98 (3.55, 4.46) |
Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Iron Deficiency | 3.93 (3.25, 4.72) |
1.00 (0.81, 1.25) |
1.00 (0.80, 1.24) |
1.00 (0.80, 1.24) |
1.00 (0.80, 1.25) |
1.00 (0.80, 1.25) |
| Mixed Iron Deficiency | 4.38 (3.42, 5.52) |
1.03 (0.79, 1.33) |
1.33 (1.02, 1.73) |
1.33 (1.02, 1.73) |
1.33 (1.02, 1.73) |
1.33 (1.02, 1.73) |
| Functional Iron Deficiency | 4.66 (3.77, 5.69) |
0.97 (0.77, 1.23) |
0.89 (0.70, 1.12) |
0.89 (0.70, 1.12) |
0.89 (0.71, 1.13) |
0.89 (0.70, 1.12) |
| High Iron | 4.65 (3.83, 5.61) |
1.14 (0.91, 1.42) |
1.41 (1.13, 1.77) |
1.41 (1.13, 1.77) |
1.41 (1.12, 1.77) |
1.41 (1.13, 1.77) |
| Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: 673 events over median follow-up of 8.8 years | ||||||
| Iron Replete | 2.75 (2.39, 3.15) |
Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Iron Deficiency | 2.42 (1.89, 3.05) |
1.00 (0.76, 1.31) |
0.93 (0.71, 1.22) |
0.93 (0.71, 1.22) |
0.91 (0.70, 1.20) |
0.93 (0.71, 1.22) |
| Mixed Iron Deficiency | 2.49 (1.79, 3.36) |
0.88 (0.63, 1.23) |
0.94 (0.67, 1.31) |
0.94 (0.67, 1.31) |
0.89 (0.64, 1.24) |
0.93 (0.67, 1.31) |
| Functional Iron Deficiency | 2.81 (2.14, 3.62) |
0.94 (0.70, 1.26) |
0.89 (0.67, 1.20) |
0.89 (0.67, 1.19) |
0.80 (0.60, 1.08) |
0.89 (0.67, 1.19) |
| High Iron | 2.76 (2.16, 3.49) |
0.99 (0.75, 1.29) |
1.05 (0.80, 1.39) |
1.05 (0.80, 1.39) |
1.07 (0.81, 1.41) |
1.05 (0.80, 1.39) |
Results are reported as hazard ratios compared to the referent group. The Non-classified group is not shown.
Demographics Model: Stratified by center, adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity
Full Model: Demographics model plus diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, history of cardiovascular disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and erythropoietin use
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein