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. 2021 Nov 22;11:22638. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02157-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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BF^GAD2+ activation promotes hunting of live and artificial prey. (a) Design of live cricket prey hunting assay used in (b–d). (b) Percent time hunting, defined as the time spent pursuing and capturing the cricket. ChR2, Wilcoxon signed rank test, W = 43, *p < 0.05. ChR2, n = 11; eYFP, n = 11. (c) Number of hunting attempts. ChR2, paired t-test, t₁₀ = 2.36, *p < 0.05. ChR2, n = 11, eYFP, n = 11. (d) Latency to attack. ChR2, Wilcoxon signed rank test, W = − 43, *p < 0.05. (e) Design for artificial prey hunting assay used in (f–h). Artificial prey consisted of a small toy (robobug) that is propelled by vibration. (f) Percent time hunting. ChR2, Wilcoxon signed rank test, W = 45, **p < 0.01. ChR2, n = 9; eYFP, n = 14. (g), Number of hunting attempts. ChR2, Wilcoxon signed rank test, W = 45, **p < 0.01. (h) Latency to attack. ChR2, Wilcoxon signed rank test, W = 45, **p < 0.01. (i) Design of the interactive artificial prey assay used in (j–l). Interactive prey consisted of a toy car remote-controlled by the experimenter. (j) Percent time hunting. ChR2, Wilcoxon signed rank test, W = 45, **p < 0.01. ChR2, n = 9; eYFP, n = 7. (k) Number of hunting attempts. ChR2, Wilcoxon signed rank test, W = 45, **p < 0.01. ChR2, n = 9; eYFP, n = 7. (l, Number of approaches to the toy car. ChR2, Wilcoxon signed rank test, W = 45, **p < 0.01. ChR2, n = 9; eYFP, n = 7. Schematics (a,e,i) were created using BioRender.com and PowerPoint.