Assessment of assay reproducibility of pathogen metagenomics. (a–c) Coefficients of variance (CV) of microbial mapped reads across sites sorted by workflows (a), or grouped by technical variables (b), or microbial type (c). (d,e) Comparison between the overall CV (observed) and the sampling CV (simulated), with data from all sites analyzed together (d) or individually (e). (f) Linear regression with sampling simulated CV as the independent variable. **, P < 0.01 by Wilcoxon rank sum test. See also Supplemental Table S6.