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. 2021 Nov 22;11:22708. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02246-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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MMP8 and MMP9 drive osteoclast-mediated release of GAG from cartilage. (a) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot of osteoclasts on acellular cartilage (red), dentine (blue) and cell culture plastic (black), n = 7. (b,c) RT-qPCR analysis of differences in expression of MMPs by osteoclasts differentiated on dentine or acellular cartilage: (b) MMP8 (n = 8; T test); (c) MMP1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14 and ADAMTS1 (n = 8; multiple Mann–Whitney). (d) Representative zymography of MMP8 and MMP9 from the conditioned media of osteoclasts differentiated on acellular cartilage compared to recombinant protein and cartilage alone. (e) GAG released by osteoclasts differentiated on acellular cartilage and transfected with siRNA targeting MMP8 or MMP9 on day 7 of differentiation, versus no siRNA (−) and scrambled siRNA (scr) controls (n = 7; Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA). (f) Human OA tissue sections stained for MMP8 (top) and MMP9 (bottom). Arrows indicate multinucleated osteoclasts. Scale bar = 100 µm.