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. 2021 Nov 22;11:22657. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01654-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Exercise elicits prefrontal activation in response to Stroop interference difference ([incongruent—neutral of post-session]—[incongruent—neutral of pre-session]) of the present moderate-intensity running study (☼) compared to previous studies with pedaling exercise: moderate-intensity exercise (Yanagisawa et al., 2010: ●), moderate-intensity exercise (Endo et al., 2013: ■), mild-intensity exercise (Byun et al., 2014: ◎), high-intensity intermittent exercise (Kujach et al., 2018: ♦) and moderate-intensity exercise with music (Suwabe et al., 2021: ▲). All studies measured cortical activation using fNIRS while participants performed the color-word matching Stroop task (CWST).