Fig. 1.

Design of electroporator with piezoelectric pulse generator and MEA. (A) The ePatch is shown with 0.5- and 1-mL syringes for comparison (Left) and shown being held in position before activation (Right). (B) Components of the ePatch. (C) The 3D printed insulating holder of microneedle electrodes in MEA to accurately position and electrically isolate microneedle electrodes of opposite polarity. (D) A row of stainless steel microneedle electrodes (Left) and a single microneedle (Right). (E) Diagram showing the configuration of the electrodes in an MEA. (F) Assembled MEA (Left) and magnified view of a section of the MEA in an assembled ePatch (Right).