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In vivo effects on cardiac metabolism. A, Example of a 30 s summed [1‐13C]pyruvate spectrum. B, Example of a 30 s summed [2‐13C]pyruvate spectrum. C, Bicarbonate + CO2/pyruvate ratio, a marker of PDH flux. D, Lactate/pyruvate ratio. E, Alanine/pyruvate ratio. F, Citrate/pyruvate ratio normalized to PDH‐flux. G, Glutamate/pyruvate ratio normalized to PDH‐flux. H, Acetylcarnitine/pyruvate ratio normalized to PDH‐flux. Data presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001
