. 2021 Oct 19;7(2):111–130. doi: 10.3233/BPL-210126

Table 4.

Descriptive statistics and effect sizes for all neuroimaging outcomes

Measure	Baseline	12 Weeks	Effect Size
Structural volume (cm³)
Total grey matter^a	633.0±32.7	637.6±25.6	0.38^*
Hippocampus	7.74±0.57	7.75±0.51	0.05
CA1	2.69±0.27	2.69±0.29	0.07
Dentate gyrus	1.65±0.14	1.63±0.14	0.26
Entorhinal cortex	0.92±0.10	0.92±0.10	0.02
Cortical thickness (mm³)
Superior parietal lobule^a	4.57±0.27	4.59±0.27	0.30^*
Superior frontal gyrus	5.30±0.23	5.32±0.26	0.26
Middle frontal gyrus	9.71±0.42	9.78±0.46	0.56^*
Inferior frontal gyrus^a	15.07±0.89	15.17±1.14	0.15
CB flow - ICA and VA^b
Pulsatility index	1.24±0.41	1.11±0.38	0.47
Resistivity index	0.67±0.11	0.65±0.10	0.30
CSF flow - Subarachnoid space^b
Stroke volume (mm³)^a	436.2±177.0	527.3±297.3	0.28
Flush peak (mm³/s)	1972±572	2194±776	0.51^*
CSF flow - Aqueduct^b
Stroke volume (mm³)^a	47.8±48.5	57.6±30.5	0.19
Flush peak (mm³/s)	209.1±74.7	220.8±58.2	0.20
Cerebral perfusion^b,c	36.6±9.3	38.2±7.4	0.13

Descriptive statistics are reported as mean±SD and effect sizes reported using Cohen’s d unless otherwise specified. ^aData not normally distributed so statistics reported as median±IQR and effect sizes reported using test statistic from non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. ^bOne participant was excluded due to wearing a facemask while in MRI scanner. ^cPCASL sequence not acquired in one participant. ^*Medium effect sizes associated with pre- to post-intervention changes.