Fig. 3.

Residual experienced isolation and MSA characteristics. On the y axis, we plot the residual from a population-weighted regression of experienced isolation on 15 equal-sized bins of residential isolation at the MSA level. The x axis in each plot refers to the specified MSA characteristic. Each point refers to an MSA and is shaded and sized relative to total population. In the white boxes in the lower right corners, we show the coefficient and SE from the population-weighted regression of experienced isolation on the residential isolation bin fixed effects and the specified covariate. The blue lines show the population-weighted linear fits. The share with bachelor’s variable includes the percentage of people in an MSA who have at least a bachelor’s degree. The Black and White income measures average the Chetty et al. (21) county estimates (pooled by race) of the share of individuals born in the 25th percentile of the income distribution who make it to the top quintile. Public transit use is the share of the working population that uses public transport to get to work.